Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting more than 250 million people, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire both <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> (causing urogenital schistosomiasis) and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (causing intestinal schi...
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/4/3/110 |
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| author | Etienne K. Angora Jérôme Boissier Hervé Menan Olivier Rey Karim Tuo Andre O. Touré Jean T. Coulibaly Aboulaye Méité Giovanna Raso Eliézer K. N’Goran Jürg Utzinger Oliver Balmer |
| author_facet | Etienne K. Angora Jérôme Boissier Hervé Menan Olivier Rey Karim Tuo Andre O. Touré Jean T. Coulibaly Aboulaye Méité Giovanna Raso Eliézer K. N’Goran Jürg Utzinger Oliver Balmer |
| author_sort | Etienne K. Angora |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting more than 250 million people, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire both <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> (causing urogenital schistosomiasis) and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (causing intestinal schistosomiasis) co-exist. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> and <i>S. mansoni</i> and to identify risk factors among schoolchildren in the western and southern parts of Côte d’Ivoire. From January to April 2018, a cross-sectional study was carried out including 1187 schoolchildren aged 5−14 years. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method to identify and count <i>S. haematobium</i> eggs, while stool samples were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears to quantify eggs of <i>S.</i> <i>mansoni</i> and soil-transmitted helminths. Data on sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors were obtained using a pretested questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to test for associations between variables. We found a prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> of 14.0% (166 of 1187 schoolchildren infected) and a prevalence of <i>S. mansoni</i> of 6.1% (66 of 1089 schoolchildren infected). In the southern part of Côte d’Ivoire, the prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> was 16.1% with a particularly high prevalence observed in Sikensi (35.6%), while <i>S. mansoni</i> was most prevalent in Agboville (11.2%). Swimming in open freshwater bodies was the main risk factor for <i>S. haematobium</i> infection (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 127.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 25.0−634.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Fishing and washing clothes in open freshwater bodies were positively associated with <i>S. haematobium</i> and <i>S. mansoni</i> infection, respectively. Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel should be combined with setting-specific information, education, and communication strategies in order to change children’s behavior, thus avoiding contact with unprotected open freshwater. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:48:04Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b9cb40d545494a90912cb66df1e9232e2022-12-22T02:53:35ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662019-07-014311010.3390/tropicalmed4030110tropicalmed4030110Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’IvoireEtienne K. Angora0Jérôme Boissier1Hervé Menan2Olivier Rey3Karim Tuo4Andre O. Touré5Jean T. Coulibaly6Aboulaye Méité7Giovanna Raso8Eliézer K. N’Goran9Jürg Utzinger10Oliver Balmer11Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandIHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, FranceUnité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan BPV 34, Côte d’IvoireIHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, FranceInstitut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan BPV 490, Côte d’IvoireInstitut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan BPV 490, Côte d’IvoireSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandProgramme National de Lutte contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées à Chimiothérapie Préventive, 06 BP 6394, Abidjan 06, Côte d’IvoireSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d’IvoireSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, SwitzerlandSchistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting more than 250 million people, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire both <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> (causing urogenital schistosomiasis) and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (causing intestinal schistosomiasis) co-exist. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> and <i>S. mansoni</i> and to identify risk factors among schoolchildren in the western and southern parts of Côte d’Ivoire. From January to April 2018, a cross-sectional study was carried out including 1187 schoolchildren aged 5−14 years. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method to identify and count <i>S. haematobium</i> eggs, while stool samples were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears to quantify eggs of <i>S.</i> <i>mansoni</i> and soil-transmitted helminths. Data on sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors were obtained using a pretested questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to test for associations between variables. We found a prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> of 14.0% (166 of 1187 schoolchildren infected) and a prevalence of <i>S. mansoni</i> of 6.1% (66 of 1089 schoolchildren infected). In the southern part of Côte d’Ivoire, the prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> was 16.1% with a particularly high prevalence observed in Sikensi (35.6%), while <i>S. mansoni</i> was most prevalent in Agboville (11.2%). Swimming in open freshwater bodies was the main risk factor for <i>S. haematobium</i> infection (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 127.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 25.0−634.0, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Fishing and washing clothes in open freshwater bodies were positively associated with <i>S. haematobium</i> and <i>S. mansoni</i> infection, respectively. Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel should be combined with setting-specific information, education, and communication strategies in order to change children’s behavior, thus avoiding contact with unprotected open freshwater.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/4/3/110Côte d’Ivoireprevalencerisk factors<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i><i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>schistosomiasis |
| spellingShingle | Etienne K. Angora Jérôme Boissier Hervé Menan Olivier Rey Karim Tuo Andre O. Touré Jean T. Coulibaly Aboulaye Méité Giovanna Raso Eliézer K. N’Goran Jürg Utzinger Oliver Balmer Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Côte d’Ivoire prevalence risk factors <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> schistosomiasis |
| title | Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full | Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_short | Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors for schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in two settings of cote d ivoire |
| topic | Côte d’Ivoire prevalence risk factors <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> schistosomiasis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/4/3/110 |
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