Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries
Structural batteries aim to advance to 'massless' energy storage units. Here we report an electrode-less coaxial battery with a cork-internal shell, CFRP(+)/cork/Cu/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO/Al(−), where CFRP is carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The cell may, alternatively, solely have a cork extern...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023022703 |
| _version_ | 1827957367919083520 |
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| author | Mafalda Valente Sara Magalhães Silva Maria Helena Braga |
| author_facet | Mafalda Valente Sara Magalhães Silva Maria Helena Braga |
| author_sort | Mafalda Valente |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Structural batteries aim to advance to 'massless' energy storage units. Here we report an electrode-less coaxial battery with a cork-internal shell, CFRP(+)/cork/Cu/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO/Al(−), where CFRP is carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The cell may, alternatively, solely have a cork external shell cork/Cu(+)/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO/Al(−). Cork is a cellular material with a negative CO2 footprint, light, elastic, impermeable to gases or liquids, and an excellent thermal insulator. Cork was used tandemly with a CFRP shell, working as the positive current collector to enhance the structural batteries' properties while allowing a giant electrostatic performance in conjunction with the Na+ solid-state ferroelectric injected between the Al negative collector and the cork. Cork was shown a polar dielectric. This ‘minimalist' cell may perform without copper making the cells even more sustainable. Neither cells contain traditional electrodes, only one or two current collectors. The cells perform from 0 to >50 °C. The maximum capacity of the cork/Cu(+)/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO/Al(−) cells is ∼110 mAh.cm−2 (outer shell) with <I> ≈ 90 μA cm−2, <V> ≈ 0.90 V, Vmax ≈ 1.1–1.3 V, Imax ≈ 108 μA cm−2, and a constant resistance discharging life (>40 days). The novel family of cells presented may also harvest waste heat and thermal energy at a constant temperature as their potential and current increase with temperature. Conversely, rising potentials boost the cells' temperature, as expected from pyroelectrics, as shown herein. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:18:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9ce47843c2b44c4b2842c94c60c3724 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:18:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9ce47843c2b44c4b2842c94c60c37242023-04-29T14:54:54ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-04-0194e15063Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteriesMafalda Valente0Sara Magalhães Silva1Maria Helena Braga2Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Engineering Physics Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Materials for Energy Research, MaTER Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalAmorim Cork Composites, R. Comendador Américo Ferreira Amorim 260, 4535-186 Mozelos, Portugal; EMaRT Group – Emerging: Materials, Research, Technology, ESAN - University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3720-509 Oliveira de Azeméis, PortugalEngineering Physics Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Materials for Energy Research, MaTER Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; LAETA-INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Corresponding author. Engineering Physics Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.Structural batteries aim to advance to 'massless' energy storage units. Here we report an electrode-less coaxial battery with a cork-internal shell, CFRP(+)/cork/Cu/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO/Al(−), where CFRP is carbon fiber reinforced polymer. The cell may, alternatively, solely have a cork external shell cork/Cu(+)/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO/Al(−). Cork is a cellular material with a negative CO2 footprint, light, elastic, impermeable to gases or liquids, and an excellent thermal insulator. Cork was used tandemly with a CFRP shell, working as the positive current collector to enhance the structural batteries' properties while allowing a giant electrostatic performance in conjunction with the Na+ solid-state ferroelectric injected between the Al negative collector and the cork. Cork was shown a polar dielectric. This ‘minimalist' cell may perform without copper making the cells even more sustainable. Neither cells contain traditional electrodes, only one or two current collectors. The cells perform from 0 to >50 °C. The maximum capacity of the cork/Cu(+)/Na2.99Ba0.005ClO/Al(−) cells is ∼110 mAh.cm−2 (outer shell) with <I> ≈ 90 μA cm−2, <V> ≈ 0.90 V, Vmax ≈ 1.1–1.3 V, Imax ≈ 108 μA cm−2, and a constant resistance discharging life (>40 days). The novel family of cells presented may also harvest waste heat and thermal energy at a constant temperature as their potential and current increase with temperature. Conversely, rising potentials boost the cells' temperature, as expected from pyroelectrics, as shown herein.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023022703Structural batteriesElectrode-less batteriesCork dielectricFerroelectricsSolid electrolytes |
| spellingShingle | Mafalda Valente Sara Magalhães Silva Maria Helena Braga Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries Heliyon Structural batteries Electrode-less batteries Cork dielectric Ferroelectrics Solid electrolytes |
| title | Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries |
| title_full | Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries |
| title_fullStr | Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries |
| title_short | Cork: Enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries |
| title_sort | cork enabler of sustainable and efficient coaxial structural batteries |
| topic | Structural batteries Electrode-less batteries Cork dielectric Ferroelectrics Solid electrolytes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023022703 |
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