Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review
Background: High ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated with the development of various diet-related non-communicable diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to systematically review the association between UPF consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | JHEP Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555923002951 |
| _version_ | 1797350899812663296 |
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| author | Laura Sol Grinshpan Sigal Eilat-Adar Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman Revital Kariv Michal Gillon-Keren Shira Zelber-Sagi |
| author_facet | Laura Sol Grinshpan Sigal Eilat-Adar Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman Revital Kariv Michal Gillon-Keren Shira Zelber-Sagi |
| author_sort | Laura Sol Grinshpan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: High ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated with the development of various diet-related non-communicable diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to systematically review the association between UPF consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its leading risk factors; metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane (March 2023), and references of the identified articles were checked. The search keywords were defined through an exploratory investigation in addition to MeSH and similarly controlled vocabulary thesauruses. Observational and interventional studies were included. Studies that focused only on specific groups of processed foods or overlapping dietary patterns were excluded. The quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools for observational studies and Cochrane’s risk of bias 2 tool for randomized-control trials. A narrative synthesis was employed to report the results. Results: Fifteen studies were included, with a total of 52,885 participants, one randomized-controlled trial, and fourteen observational studies (nine cross-sectional and five prospective). The review has shown a significant association between UPF consumption and NAFLD in three studies out of six, MetS in five out of eight, and IR in one out of three. All large-scale prospective cohorts that studied NAFLD or MetS outcomes demonstrated a positive association. In contrast, studies that did not demonstrate significant associations were mostly cross-sectional and small. The evidence for an association with IR was insufficient and conflicting. Conclusion: The included studies are few, observational, and based upon self-reported dietary assessment tools. However, current evidence indicates that UPF is not only associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes but may also be a risk factor for NAFLD and MetS. UPF is a worldwide concern deserving further longitudinal research. Impact and implications: Overconsumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well established. The present systematic review shows that UPF may be associated with NAFLD, although more large prospective studies are needed. These findings emphasize the importance of minimizing the consumption of UPF to prevent NAFLD and other metabolic diseases among the general adult population. This systematic review and further prospective studies, epidemiological or interventional, can help physicians provide patients with evidence-based nutritional recommendations and will support policymakers in restricting the marketing of UPF as well as promoting affordable, healthy, and minimally processed foods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:52:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9d40c9869ed4c0f820737dcb80e997d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2589-5559 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:52:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JHEP Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9d40c9869ed4c0f820737dcb80e997d2024-01-20T04:46:24ZengElsevierJHEP Reports2589-55592024-01-0161100964Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic reviewLaura Sol Grinshpan0Sigal Eilat-Adar1Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman2Revital Kariv3Michal Gillon-Keren4Shira Zelber-Sagi5School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, IsraelLevinsky-Wingate Academic College, Netanya, IsraelSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, IsraelDepartment of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, IsraelInstitute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Faculty of Sciences, Kibbutzim College of Education Technology and the Arts, Tel-Aviv, IsraelSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Department of Gastroenterology Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Corresponding author. Address: School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Haifa 3498838, IsraelBackground: High ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated with the development of various diet-related non-communicable diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to systematically review the association between UPF consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its leading risk factors; metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane (March 2023), and references of the identified articles were checked. The search keywords were defined through an exploratory investigation in addition to MeSH and similarly controlled vocabulary thesauruses. Observational and interventional studies were included. Studies that focused only on specific groups of processed foods or overlapping dietary patterns were excluded. The quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools for observational studies and Cochrane’s risk of bias 2 tool for randomized-control trials. A narrative synthesis was employed to report the results. Results: Fifteen studies were included, with a total of 52,885 participants, one randomized-controlled trial, and fourteen observational studies (nine cross-sectional and five prospective). The review has shown a significant association between UPF consumption and NAFLD in three studies out of six, MetS in five out of eight, and IR in one out of three. All large-scale prospective cohorts that studied NAFLD or MetS outcomes demonstrated a positive association. In contrast, studies that did not demonstrate significant associations were mostly cross-sectional and small. The evidence for an association with IR was insufficient and conflicting. Conclusion: The included studies are few, observational, and based upon self-reported dietary assessment tools. However, current evidence indicates that UPF is not only associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes but may also be a risk factor for NAFLD and MetS. UPF is a worldwide concern deserving further longitudinal research. Impact and implications: Overconsumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well established. The present systematic review shows that UPF may be associated with NAFLD, although more large prospective studies are needed. These findings emphasize the importance of minimizing the consumption of UPF to prevent NAFLD and other metabolic diseases among the general adult population. This systematic review and further prospective studies, epidemiological or interventional, can help physicians provide patients with evidence-based nutritional recommendations and will support policymakers in restricting the marketing of UPF as well as promoting affordable, healthy, and minimally processed foods.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555923002951ultra-processed foodfatty livermetabolic syndromeinsulin resistancesystematic review |
| spellingShingle | Laura Sol Grinshpan Sigal Eilat-Adar Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman Revital Kariv Michal Gillon-Keren Shira Zelber-Sagi Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review JHEP Reports ultra-processed food fatty liver metabolic syndrome insulin resistance systematic review |
| title | Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review |
| title_full | Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review |
| title_short | Ultra-processed food consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A systematic review |
| title_sort | ultra processed food consumption and non alcoholic fatty liver disease metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance a systematic review |
| topic | ultra-processed food fatty liver metabolic syndrome insulin resistance systematic review |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589555923002951 |
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