Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in Antarctica
<p>The COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) uses low-resolution, portable EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) to make retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMFs, represented as <span class="inline-formula"><i>X</i><su...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Earth System Science Data |
| Online Access: | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/5427/2022/essd-14-5427-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811197552664510464 |
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| author | D. F. Pollard F. Hase M. K. Sha D. Dubravica C. Alberti D. Smale |
| author_facet | D. F. Pollard F. Hase M. K. Sha D. Dubravica C. Alberti D. Smale |
| author_sort | D. F. Pollard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) uses low-resolution, portable EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) to make retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMFs, represented as <span class="inline-formula"><i>X</i><sub>gas</sub></span>) of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>, CO and H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O from near-infrared solar absorption spectra. The COCCON has developed rapidly over recent years and complements the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).</p>
<p>In this work, we provide details of the first seasonal time series of near-infrared <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ad26f5c1a3bce709ccfbdc142b6b6345"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00005.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="92ddc872d984a732d25dbdf219dd194d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00006.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>X</i><sub>CO</sub></span> retrievals from measurements made in Antarctica during the deployment of an EM27/SUN to the Arrival Heights laboratory on Ross Island over the austral summer of 2019–2020 under the auspices of the COCCON.</p>
<p>The DMFs of all three species were lower in Antarctica than at mid-latitude, and for <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="37da772bc09356addeaf37f06bbd0004"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00007.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>X</i><sub>CO</sub></span>, the retrieved values were less variable. For <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1167b965e7cfd273da0f832195d506fa"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00008.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00008.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> however, the variability was significantly greater and it was found that this was strongly correlated to the proximity of the polar vortex.</p>
<p>In order to ensure the stability of the instrument and the traceability of the retrievals, side-by-side comparisons to the TCCON station at Lauder, New Zealand and retrievals of the instrument line shape (ILS) were made before and after the measurements in Antarctica. These indicate that, over the course of the deployment, the instrument stability was such that the change in retrieved <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b657864f9220bbb988f4e8f0af106e98"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00009.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00009.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> was well below 0.1 %.</p>
<p>The value of these data for satellite validation is demonstrated by making comparisons with the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 precursor (S5P) satellite.</p>
<p>The dataset is available from the COCCON central facility hosted by the ESA Atmospheric Validation Data Centre (EVDC) <a href="https://doi.org/10.48477/coccon.pf10.arrivalheights.R02">https://doi.org/10.48477/coccon.pf10.arrivalheights.R02</a> <span class="cit" id="xref_paren.1">(<a href="#bib1.bibx24">Pollard</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx24">2021</a>)</span>.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:16:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9f1372b66464f268af66a8d131cc3bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1866-3508 1866-3516 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:16:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth System Science Data |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9f1372b66464f268af66a8d131cc3bb2022-12-22T03:53:57ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Science Data1866-35081866-35162022-12-01145427543710.5194/essd-14-5427-2022Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in AntarcticaD. F. Pollard0F. Hase1M. K. Sha2D. Dubravica3C. Alberti4D. Smale5National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Lauder, New ZealandKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe, GermanyRoyal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, BelgiumKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe, GermanyNational Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand<p>The COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) uses low-resolution, portable EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) to make retrievals of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMFs, represented as <span class="inline-formula"><i>X</i><sub>gas</sub></span>) of CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span>, CO and H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O from near-infrared solar absorption spectra. The COCCON has developed rapidly over recent years and complements the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).</p> <p>In this work, we provide details of the first seasonal time series of near-infrared <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="ad26f5c1a3bce709ccfbdc142b6b6345"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00005.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="92ddc872d984a732d25dbdf219dd194d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00006.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>X</i><sub>CO</sub></span> retrievals from measurements made in Antarctica during the deployment of an EM27/SUN to the Arrival Heights laboratory on Ross Island over the austral summer of 2019–2020 under the auspices of the COCCON.</p> <p>The DMFs of all three species were lower in Antarctica than at mid-latitude, and for <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="37da772bc09356addeaf37f06bbd0004"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00007.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>X</i><sub>CO</sub></span>, the retrieved values were less variable. For <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1167b965e7cfd273da0f832195d506fa"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00008.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00008.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> however, the variability was significantly greater and it was found that this was strongly correlated to the proximity of the polar vortex.</p> <p>In order to ensure the stability of the instrument and the traceability of the retrievals, side-by-side comparisons to the TCCON station at Lauder, New Zealand and retrievals of the instrument line shape (ILS) were made before and after the measurements in Antarctica. These indicate that, over the course of the deployment, the instrument stability was such that the change in retrieved <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msub><mi>X</mi><mrow class="chem"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b657864f9220bbb988f4e8f0af106e98"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00009.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="essd-14-5427-2022-ie00009.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> was well below 0.1 %.</p> <p>The value of these data for satellite validation is demonstrated by making comparisons with the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 precursor (S5P) satellite.</p> <p>The dataset is available from the COCCON central facility hosted by the ESA Atmospheric Validation Data Centre (EVDC) <a href="https://doi.org/10.48477/coccon.pf10.arrivalheights.R02">https://doi.org/10.48477/coccon.pf10.arrivalheights.R02</a> <span class="cit" id="xref_paren.1">(<a href="#bib1.bibx24">Pollard</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx24">2021</a>)</span>.</p>https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/5427/2022/essd-14-5427-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | D. F. Pollard F. Hase M. K. Sha D. Dubravica C. Alberti D. Smale Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in Antarctica Earth System Science Data |
| title | Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in Antarctica |
| title_full | Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in Antarctica |
| title_fullStr | Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in Antarctica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in Antarctica |
| title_short | Retrievals of <i>X</i><sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, <i>X</i><sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> and <i>X</i><sub>CO</sub> from portable, near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in Antarctica |
| title_sort | retrievals of i x i sub co sub 2 sub sub i x i sub ch sub 4 sub sub and i x i sub co sub from portable near infrared fourier transform spectrometer solar observations in antarctica |
| url | https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/5427/2022/essd-14-5427-2022.pdf |
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