Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania
Abstract Background Mauritania is at the fringe of transmission of human schistosomiasis, which mainly occurs in the southern and southeastern parts of the country. This study aimed to assess the influence of rainfall seasonality on the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-ag...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2284-4 |
| _version_ | 1818846885699387392 |
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| author | N’Guessan G C Gbalégba Kigbafori D Silué Ousmane Ba Hampâté Ba Nathan T Y Tian-Bi Grégoire Y Yapi Aboudramane Kaba Brama Koné Jürg Utzinger Benjamin G Koudou |
| author_facet | N’Guessan G C Gbalégba Kigbafori D Silué Ousmane Ba Hampâté Ba Nathan T Y Tian-Bi Grégoire Y Yapi Aboudramane Kaba Brama Koné Jürg Utzinger Benjamin G Koudou |
| author_sort | N’Guessan G C Gbalégba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mauritania is at the fringe of transmission of human schistosomiasis, which mainly occurs in the southern and southeastern parts of the country. This study aimed to assess the influence of rainfall seasonality on the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi, southern Mauritania. Methods Cross-sectional surveys (i.e. parasitological, malacological and observations on water-related human activities) were carried out in Kaedi between September 2014 and May 2015, during both the wet and dry seasons. A total of 2162 children aged 5–15 years provided a single urine sample that was subjected to S. haematobium diagnosis. Snails were sampled and checked for cercarial shedding. Water contact patterns of the local population were recorded by direct observation. Results The prevalence of S. haematobium was 4.0% (86/2162, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2–4.9%) with a geometric mean egg count per 10 ml of urine of 3.7 (95% CI: 2.8–4.3). Being male (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.78, 95% CI: 1.13–2.80), being at primary school (aOR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.04–2.87) and dry season (aOR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.89) were significantly associated with S. haematobium. Among 284 potential intermediate host snail specimens collected over the rainy and dry seasons, three species were identified: Bulinus senegalensis (n = 13) and B. forskalii (n = 161) in the rainy season, and B. truncatus (n = 157) in the wet season. No snail was shedding cercariae. On average, seven human water contacts were recorded per hour per observer over a 28-day observation period. Twelve types of water contact activities were identified among which, swimming/bathing was predominant (n = 3788, 36.9%), followed by washing clothes (n = 2016, 19.7%) and washing dishes (n = 1322, 12.9%). Females (n = 5270, 51.4%) were slightly more in contact with water than males (n = 4983, 48.6%). The average time spent in the water per person per day was 14.2 min (95% CI: 13.8–14.6 min). The frequency and duration of water contact followed a seasonal pattern. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a low prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium among school-aged children in Kaedi. Appropriate integrated control measures, including health education among at-risk communities and snail control may help to interrupt transmission of S. haematobium in Kaedi. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:52:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9f5b66f819840b98e7a035706cac8d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T05:52:40Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9f5b66f819840b98e7a035706cac8d02022-12-21T20:33:34ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052017-07-0110111210.1186/s13071-017-2284-4Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern MauritaniaN’Guessan G C Gbalégba0Kigbafori D Silué1Ousmane Ba2Hampâté Ba3Nathan T Y Tian-Bi4Grégoire Y Yapi5Aboudramane Kaba6Brama Koné7Jürg Utzinger8Benjamin G Koudou9Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui AbrogouaCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’IvoireLaboratoire de Parasitologie – Mycologie, Institut National de Recherches en Santé PubliqueLaboratoire de Parasitologie – Mycologie, Institut National de Recherches en Santé PubliqueCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’IvoireCentre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire (CEMV), Université Alassane OuattaraCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’IvoireCentre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’IvoireSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteUnité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui AbrogouaAbstract Background Mauritania is at the fringe of transmission of human schistosomiasis, which mainly occurs in the southern and southeastern parts of the country. This study aimed to assess the influence of rainfall seasonality on the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi, southern Mauritania. Methods Cross-sectional surveys (i.e. parasitological, malacological and observations on water-related human activities) were carried out in Kaedi between September 2014 and May 2015, during both the wet and dry seasons. A total of 2162 children aged 5–15 years provided a single urine sample that was subjected to S. haematobium diagnosis. Snails were sampled and checked for cercarial shedding. Water contact patterns of the local population were recorded by direct observation. Results The prevalence of S. haematobium was 4.0% (86/2162, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2–4.9%) with a geometric mean egg count per 10 ml of urine of 3.7 (95% CI: 2.8–4.3). Being male (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.78, 95% CI: 1.13–2.80), being at primary school (aOR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.04–2.87) and dry season (aOR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.89) were significantly associated with S. haematobium. Among 284 potential intermediate host snail specimens collected over the rainy and dry seasons, three species were identified: Bulinus senegalensis (n = 13) and B. forskalii (n = 161) in the rainy season, and B. truncatus (n = 157) in the wet season. No snail was shedding cercariae. On average, seven human water contacts were recorded per hour per observer over a 28-day observation period. Twelve types of water contact activities were identified among which, swimming/bathing was predominant (n = 3788, 36.9%), followed by washing clothes (n = 2016, 19.7%) and washing dishes (n = 1322, 12.9%). Females (n = 5270, 51.4%) were slightly more in contact with water than males (n = 4983, 48.6%). The average time spent in the water per person per day was 14.2 min (95% CI: 13.8–14.6 min). The frequency and duration of water contact followed a seasonal pattern. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a low prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium among school-aged children in Kaedi. Appropriate integrated control measures, including health education among at-risk communities and snail control may help to interrupt transmission of S. haematobium in Kaedi.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2284-4PrevalenceSchistosoma haematobiumSeasonal transmissionSnailsWater contactUrban area |
| spellingShingle | N’Guessan G C Gbalégba Kigbafori D Silué Ousmane Ba Hampâté Ba Nathan T Y Tian-Bi Grégoire Y Yapi Aboudramane Kaba Brama Koné Jürg Utzinger Benjamin G Koudou Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania Parasites & Vectors Prevalence Schistosoma haematobium Seasonal transmission Snails Water contact Urban area |
| title | Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania |
| title_full | Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania |
| title_short | Prevalence and seasonal transmission of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-aged children in Kaedi town, southern Mauritania |
| title_sort | prevalence and seasonal transmission of schistosoma haematobium infection among school aged children in kaedi town southern mauritania |
| topic | Prevalence Schistosoma haematobium Seasonal transmission Snails Water contact Urban area |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-017-2284-4 |
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