Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok
Typological comparisons have revealed that signers can use manual elements and/or a non-manual marker to express standard negation, but little is known about how such systematic marking emerges from its gestural counterparts as a new sign language arises. We analyzed 1.73 h of spontaneous language d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Languages |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/7/1/23 |
| _version_ | 1827628644174921728 |
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| author | Hannah Lutzenberger Roland Pfau Connie de Vos |
| author_facet | Hannah Lutzenberger Roland Pfau Connie de Vos |
| author_sort | Hannah Lutzenberger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Typological comparisons have revealed that signers can use manual elements and/or a non-manual marker to express standard negation, but little is known about how such systematic marking emerges from its gestural counterparts as a new sign language arises. We analyzed 1.73 h of spontaneous language data, featuring six deaf native signers from generations III-V of the sign language isolate Kata Kolok (Bali). These data show that Kata Kolok cannot be classified as a manual dominant or non-manual dominant sign language since both the manual negative sign and a side-to-side headshake are used extensively. Moreover, the intergenerational comparisons indicate a considerable increase in the use of headshake spreading for generation V which is unlikely to have resulted from contact with Indonesian Sign Language varieties. We also attest a specialized negative existential marker, namely, tongue protrusion, which does not appear in co-speech gesture in the surrounding community. We conclude that Kata Kolok is uniquely placed in the typological landscape of sign language negation, and that grammaticalization theory is essential to a deeper understanding of the emergence of grammatical structure from gesture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:36:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b9feacf98d70474a96ac6b83f63a25de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-471X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:36:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Languages |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9feacf98d70474a96ac6b83f63a25de2023-11-30T21:12:25ZengMDPI AGLanguages2226-471X2022-01-01712310.3390/languages7010023Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata KolokHannah Lutzenberger0Roland Pfau1Connie de Vos2Department of English Language and Literature, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SQ, UKDepartment of Linguistics, University of Amsterdam, 1012 VB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTilburg Center for Cognition and Communication, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The NetherlandsTypological comparisons have revealed that signers can use manual elements and/or a non-manual marker to express standard negation, but little is known about how such systematic marking emerges from its gestural counterparts as a new sign language arises. We analyzed 1.73 h of spontaneous language data, featuring six deaf native signers from generations III-V of the sign language isolate Kata Kolok (Bali). These data show that Kata Kolok cannot be classified as a manual dominant or non-manual dominant sign language since both the manual negative sign and a side-to-side headshake are used extensively. Moreover, the intergenerational comparisons indicate a considerable increase in the use of headshake spreading for generation V which is unlikely to have resulted from contact with Indonesian Sign Language varieties. We also attest a specialized negative existential marker, namely, tongue protrusion, which does not appear in co-speech gesture in the surrounding community. We conclude that Kata Kolok is uniquely placed in the typological landscape of sign language negation, and that grammaticalization theory is essential to a deeper understanding of the emergence of grammatical structure from gesture.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/7/1/23Kata Koloknegationgrammaticalizationlanguage emergencelanguage changenon-manuals |
| spellingShingle | Hannah Lutzenberger Roland Pfau Connie de Vos Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok Languages Kata Kolok negation grammaticalization language emergence language change non-manuals |
| title | Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok |
| title_full | Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok |
| title_fullStr | Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok |
| title_short | Emergence or Grammaticalization? The Case of Negation in Kata Kolok |
| title_sort | emergence or grammaticalization the case of negation in kata kolok |
| topic | Kata Kolok negation grammaticalization language emergence language change non-manuals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-471X/7/1/23 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hannahlutzenberger emergenceorgrammaticalizationthecaseofnegationinkatakolok AT rolandpfau emergenceorgrammaticalizationthecaseofnegationinkatakolok AT conniedevos emergenceorgrammaticalizationthecaseofnegationinkatakolok |