Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction
Carbon-free and sustainable energy storage solutions are required to mitigate climate change. One possible solution, especially for stationary applications, could be the storage of energy in metal fuels. Energy can be stored through reduction of the oxide with green hydrogen and be released by combu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X22000395 |
| _version_ | 1797987284719501312 |
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| author | C. Kuhn A. Düll P. Rohlfs S. Tischer M. Börnhorst O. Deutschmann |
| author_facet | C. Kuhn A. Düll P. Rohlfs S. Tischer M. Börnhorst O. Deutschmann |
| author_sort | C. Kuhn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon-free and sustainable energy storage solutions are required to mitigate climate change. One possible solution, especially for stationary applications, could be the storage of energy in metal fuels. Energy can be stored through reduction of the oxide with green hydrogen and be released by combustion. In this work a feasibility study for iron as possible metal fuel considering the complete energy cycle is conducted. On the basis of equilibrium calculations it could be shown that the power-to-power efficiency of the iron/iron oxide cycle is 27%. As technology development requires a more detailed description of both the reduction and the oxidation, a first outlook is given on the kinetic analysis of the reduction of iron oxides with hydrogen. Thermogravimetric experiments using Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO indicate a three-step process for the reduction. The maximum reduction rate can be achieved with a hydrogen content of 25 %. Based on the experimental results a reaction mechanism and accompanied kinetic data were developed for description of Fe2O3 reduction with H2 under varying experimental conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:46:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba047eddfa364e3aa2399bfe3f96fc3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-352X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T07:46:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applications in Energy and Combustion Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba047eddfa364e3aa2399bfe3f96fc3d2022-12-22T04:36:18ZengElsevierApplications in Energy and Combustion Science2666-352X2022-12-0112100096Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reductionC. Kuhn0A. Düll1P. Rohlfs2S. Tischer3M. Börnhorst4O. Deutschmann5Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; Corresponding author at: Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.Carbon-free and sustainable energy storage solutions are required to mitigate climate change. One possible solution, especially for stationary applications, could be the storage of energy in metal fuels. Energy can be stored through reduction of the oxide with green hydrogen and be released by combustion. In this work a feasibility study for iron as possible metal fuel considering the complete energy cycle is conducted. On the basis of equilibrium calculations it could be shown that the power-to-power efficiency of the iron/iron oxide cycle is 27%. As technology development requires a more detailed description of both the reduction and the oxidation, a first outlook is given on the kinetic analysis of the reduction of iron oxides with hydrogen. Thermogravimetric experiments using Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO indicate a three-step process for the reduction. The maximum reduction rate can be achieved with a hydrogen content of 25 %. Based on the experimental results a reaction mechanism and accompanied kinetic data were developed for description of Fe2O3 reduction with H2 under varying experimental conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X22000395Metal fuelsIronCycle efficiencyReductionKinetics |
| spellingShingle | C. Kuhn A. Düll P. Rohlfs S. Tischer M. Börnhorst O. Deutschmann Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction Applications in Energy and Combustion Science Metal fuels Iron Cycle efficiency Reduction Kinetics |
| title | Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction |
| title_full | Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction |
| title_fullStr | Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction |
| title_short | Iron as recyclable energy carrier: Feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction |
| title_sort | iron as recyclable energy carrier feasibility study and kinetic analysis of iron oxide reduction |
| topic | Metal fuels Iron Cycle efficiency Reduction Kinetics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X22000395 |
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