| Summary: | <p>In 2012 the Supreme Court of Brazil (STF) pronounced on a lawsuit called Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) n. 186 and expressed its position on affirmative action policies implemented in brazilian universities for over ten years. The decision, an extensive judgment intermingled with legal and philosophical concepts, discusses public policy for higher education to promote the ideals of equality from a substantial perspective or as material conditions present in the daily life of brazilian society. The look of the judges was facing, preponderantly, the lack of black students in universities and federal institutions of higher education. Another absence is examined to indigenous students. The theme emerges in the discussions leading up to the final decision of the Constitutional Court and the Federal Law n. 12.711/2012. The judgment of a superior court instance has the prerogative to serve as a kind of model to guide the actions of the Brazilian State. From an analysis axis set around the categories "ethnicity" and "race", this study of legal anthropology seeks to examine the configuration of the indigenous presence in the repertoire of brazilian Constitutional Court and bring an overview of the fundamentals of these concepts.</p><p> </p>
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