Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface Methodology
Extraction conditions can exert a remarkable influence on extraction efficiency. The aim of this study was to improve the extraction efficiency of carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> (<i>D. parva</i>). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 95% ethanol were used as the extraction...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1444 |
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| author | Yujia Li Xiaojuan Huang Lirong Luo Changhua Shang |
| author_facet | Yujia Li Xiaojuan Huang Lirong Luo Changhua Shang |
| author_sort | Yujia Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extraction conditions can exert a remarkable influence on extraction efficiency. The aim of this study was to improve the extraction efficiency of carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> (<i>D. parva</i>). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 95% ethanol were used as the extraction solvents. The extraction time, extraction temperature and the proportions of mixed solvent were taken as influencing factors, and the experimental scheme was determined by Central Composite Design (CCD) of Design Expert 10.0.4.0 to optimize the extraction process of carotenoids from <i>D. parva</i>. The absorbance values of the extract at 665 nm, 649 nm and 480 nm were determined by a microplate spectrophotometer, and the extraction efficiency of carotenoids was calculated. Analyses of the model fitting degree, variance and interaction term 3D surface were performed by response surface analysis. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature of 40 °C, and a mixed solvent ratio (DMSO: 95% ethanol) of 3.64:1. Under the optimal conditions, the actual extraction efficiency of carotenoids was 0.0464%, which was increased by 18.19% (the initial extraction efficiency of 0.03926%) with a lower extraction temperature (i.e., lower energy consumption) compared to the standard protocol. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:20:09Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:20:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ba3fd36eaffc489fbbb7ea74c842a3c12023-11-23T21:24:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-02-01274144410.3390/molecules27041444Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface MethodologyYujia Li0Xiaojuan Huang1Lirong Luo2Changhua Shang3Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, ChinaExtraction conditions can exert a remarkable influence on extraction efficiency. The aim of this study was to improve the extraction efficiency of carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> (<i>D. parva</i>). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 95% ethanol were used as the extraction solvents. The extraction time, extraction temperature and the proportions of mixed solvent were taken as influencing factors, and the experimental scheme was determined by Central Composite Design (CCD) of Design Expert 10.0.4.0 to optimize the extraction process of carotenoids from <i>D. parva</i>. The absorbance values of the extract at 665 nm, 649 nm and 480 nm were determined by a microplate spectrophotometer, and the extraction efficiency of carotenoids was calculated. Analyses of the model fitting degree, variance and interaction term 3D surface were performed by response surface analysis. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature of 40 °C, and a mixed solvent ratio (DMSO: 95% ethanol) of 3.64:1. Under the optimal conditions, the actual extraction efficiency of carotenoids was 0.0464%, which was increased by 18.19% (the initial extraction efficiency of 0.03926%) with a lower extraction temperature (i.e., lower energy consumption) compared to the standard protocol.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1444<i>Dunaliella parva</i>Central Composite Designextraction efficiencycarotenoidsoptimization |
| spellingShingle | Yujia Li Xiaojuan Huang Lirong Luo Changhua Shang Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface Methodology Molecules <i>Dunaliella parva</i> Central Composite Design extraction efficiency carotenoids optimization |
| title | Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface Methodology |
| title_full | Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface Methodology |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface Methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface Methodology |
| title_short | Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Carotenoids from <i>Dunaliella parva</i> by Response Surface Methodology |
| title_sort | optimization of extraction conditions of carotenoids from i dunaliella parva i by response surface methodology |
| topic | <i>Dunaliella parva</i> Central Composite Design extraction efficiency carotenoids optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1444 |
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