Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet
The prohibition of the use of growth-promoting drug additives in feeds was implemented in China in 2020. However, rabbits can experience symptoms of intestinal disease, such as diarrhea and flatulence, when switching from standard normal diets with antibiotics to antibiotic-free diets. The molecular...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1560 |
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| author | Tao Tang Ya Li Jie Wang Mauricio A. Elzo Jiahao Shao Yanhong Li Siqi Xia Huimei Fan Xianbo Jia Songjia Lai |
| author_facet | Tao Tang Ya Li Jie Wang Mauricio A. Elzo Jiahao Shao Yanhong Li Siqi Xia Huimei Fan Xianbo Jia Songjia Lai |
| author_sort | Tao Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prohibition of the use of growth-promoting drug additives in feeds was implemented in China in 2020. However, rabbits can experience symptoms of intestinal disease, such as diarrhea and flatulence, when switching from standard normal diets with antibiotics to antibiotic-free diets. The molecular mechanisms related to the occurrence of these diseases as well as associated physiological and metabolic changes in the intestine are unclear. Thus, the objectives of this study were to study the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation using untargeted metabolomics. This was done to identify differential metabolites between a group of antibiotic-free feed Hyplus rabbits (Dia) whose diet was abruptly changed from a standard normal diet with antibiotics to an antibiotic-free diet, and an antibiotic diet group Hyplus rabbits (Con) that was fed a standard normal diet with antibiotics. Morphological damage to the three intestinal tissues was determined through visual microscopic examination of intestinal Dia and Con tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A total of 1969 different metabolites were identified in the three intestinal tissues from Dia and Con rabbits. The level of 1280 metabolites was significantly higher and the level of 761 metabolites was significantly lower in the Dia than in the Con group. These differential metabolites were involved in five metabolic pathways associated with intestinal inflammation (tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and bile secretion). Rabbits in the Dia group developed metabolic disorders that affected the intestinal microbiota and changed the permeability of the intestinal tract, thereby triggering intestinal inflammation, affecting feed utilization, reducing production performance, and activating the intestinal tract self-repair mechanism. Thus, the abrupt transition from a diet with antibiotics to an antibiotic-free diet affected the structure and metabolism of the intestinal tract in Hyplus rabbits. Consequently, to avoid these problems, the antibiotic content in a rabbit diet should be changed gradually or alternative antibiotics should be found. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:59:44Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:59:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba4f5ade5e9a4ed0a3227bbadb0bb1f82023-11-21T21:35:03ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-05-01116156010.3390/ani11061560Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free DietTao Tang0Ya Li1Jie Wang2Mauricio A. Elzo3Jiahao Shao4Yanhong Li5Siqi Xia6Huimei Fan7Xianbo Jia8Songjia Lai9College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USACollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaFarm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaThe prohibition of the use of growth-promoting drug additives in feeds was implemented in China in 2020. However, rabbits can experience symptoms of intestinal disease, such as diarrhea and flatulence, when switching from standard normal diets with antibiotics to antibiotic-free diets. The molecular mechanisms related to the occurrence of these diseases as well as associated physiological and metabolic changes in the intestine are unclear. Thus, the objectives of this study were to study the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation using untargeted metabolomics. This was done to identify differential metabolites between a group of antibiotic-free feed Hyplus rabbits (Dia) whose diet was abruptly changed from a standard normal diet with antibiotics to an antibiotic-free diet, and an antibiotic diet group Hyplus rabbits (Con) that was fed a standard normal diet with antibiotics. Morphological damage to the three intestinal tissues was determined through visual microscopic examination of intestinal Dia and Con tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). A total of 1969 different metabolites were identified in the three intestinal tissues from Dia and Con rabbits. The level of 1280 metabolites was significantly higher and the level of 761 metabolites was significantly lower in the Dia than in the Con group. These differential metabolites were involved in five metabolic pathways associated with intestinal inflammation (tryptophan metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, lysine degradation, and bile secretion). Rabbits in the Dia group developed metabolic disorders that affected the intestinal microbiota and changed the permeability of the intestinal tract, thereby triggering intestinal inflammation, affecting feed utilization, reducing production performance, and activating the intestinal tract self-repair mechanism. Thus, the abrupt transition from a diet with antibiotics to an antibiotic-free diet affected the structure and metabolism of the intestinal tract in Hyplus rabbits. Consequently, to avoid these problems, the antibiotic content in a rabbit diet should be changed gradually or alternative antibiotics should be found.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1560antibiotic-free dietintestinal inflammationmetabolomicsrabbit |
| spellingShingle | Tao Tang Ya Li Jie Wang Mauricio A. Elzo Jiahao Shao Yanhong Li Siqi Xia Huimei Fan Xianbo Jia Songjia Lai Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet Animals antibiotic-free diet intestinal inflammation metabolomics rabbit |
| title | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet |
| title_full | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet |
| title_fullStr | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet |
| title_short | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Intestinal Pathogenesis and Self-Repair in Rabbits Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet |
| title_sort | untargeted metabolomics reveals intestinal pathogenesis and self repair in rabbits fed an antibiotic free diet |
| topic | antibiotic-free diet intestinal inflammation metabolomics rabbit |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1560 |
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