Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT Pathway
Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for heart failure and leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Doxorubicin (DOX) is regarded as one of the most potent anthracycline antibiotic agents; however, its clinical usage has some limitations because it has serious cardiotoxic side effects...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/1/53 |
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| author | Jung Joo Yoon Chan Ok Son Hye Yoom Kim Byung Hyuk Han Yun Jung Lee Ho Sub Lee Dae Gill Kang |
| author_facet | Jung Joo Yoon Chan Ok Son Hye Yoom Kim Byung Hyuk Han Yun Jung Lee Ho Sub Lee Dae Gill Kang |
| author_sort | Jung Joo Yoon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for heart failure and leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Doxorubicin (DOX) is regarded as one of the most potent anthracycline antibiotic agents; however, its clinical usage has some limitations because it has serious cardiotoxic side effects such as dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic-cyclic lupane-type triterpene that has been reported to have anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-vascular neogenesis, and anti-fibrotic effects. However, there is no study about its direct effect on DOX induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of BA on DOX-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis in vitro in H9c2 cells. The H9c2 cells were stimulated with DOX (1 µM) in the presence or absence of BA (0.1–1 μM) and incubated for 24 h. The results of the present study indicated that DOX induces the increase cell surface area and the upregulation of hypertrophy markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), and Myosin Light Chain-2 (MLC2) in H9c2 cells. However, the pathological hypertrophic responses were downregulated after BA treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in DOX treated H9c2 cells was blocked by BA. As a result of measuring the change in ROS generation using DCF-DA, BA significantly inhibited DOX-induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) when BA was treated at a concentration of over 0.1 µM. DOX-induced activation of GATA-4 and calcineurin/NFAT-3 signaling pathway were remarkably improved by pre-treating of BA to H9c2 cells. In addition, BA treatment significantly reduced DOX-induced cell apoptosis and protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3/-9, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased by BA. Therefore, BA can be a potential treatment for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis that lead to sudden heart failure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:47:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba52d96ebfab4cad9ce89d8d21efd902 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:47:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ba52d96ebfab4cad9ce89d8d21efd9022023-11-21T02:27:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-12-012615310.3390/molecules26010053Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT PathwayJung Joo Yoon0Chan Ok Son1Hye Yoom Kim2Byung Hyuk Han3Yun Jung Lee4Ho Sub Lee5Dae Gill Kang6Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, KoreaHanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, KoreaHanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, KoreaHanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, KoreaHanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, KoreaHanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, KoreaCardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for heart failure and leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Doxorubicin (DOX) is regarded as one of the most potent anthracycline antibiotic agents; however, its clinical usage has some limitations because it has serious cardiotoxic side effects such as dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic-cyclic lupane-type triterpene that has been reported to have anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-vascular neogenesis, and anti-fibrotic effects. However, there is no study about its direct effect on DOX induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of BA on DOX-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis in vitro in H9c2 cells. The H9c2 cells were stimulated with DOX (1 µM) in the presence or absence of BA (0.1–1 μM) and incubated for 24 h. The results of the present study indicated that DOX induces the increase cell surface area and the upregulation of hypertrophy markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), and Myosin Light Chain-2 (MLC2) in H9c2 cells. However, the pathological hypertrophic responses were downregulated after BA treatment. Moreover, phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in DOX treated H9c2 cells was blocked by BA. As a result of measuring the change in ROS generation using DCF-DA, BA significantly inhibited DOX-induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) when BA was treated at a concentration of over 0.1 µM. DOX-induced activation of GATA-4 and calcineurin/NFAT-3 signaling pathway were remarkably improved by pre-treating of BA to H9c2 cells. In addition, BA treatment significantly reduced DOX-induced cell apoptosis and protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3/-9, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased by BA. Therefore, BA can be a potential treatment for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis that lead to sudden heart failure.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/1/53betulinic aciddoxorubicincardiomyocyte hypertrophyapoptosisheart failure |
| spellingShingle | Jung Joo Yoon Chan Ok Son Hye Yoom Kim Byung Hyuk Han Yun Jung Lee Ho Sub Lee Dae Gill Kang Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT Pathway Molecules betulinic acid doxorubicin cardiomyocyte hypertrophy apoptosis heart failure |
| title | Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT Pathway |
| title_full | Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT Pathway |
| title_fullStr | Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT Pathway |
| title_short | Betulinic Acid Protects DOX-Triggered Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Response through the GATA-4/Calcineurin/NFAT Pathway |
| title_sort | betulinic acid protects dox triggered cardiomyocyte hypertrophy response through the gata 4 calcineurin nfat pathway |
| topic | betulinic acid doxorubicin cardiomyocyte hypertrophy apoptosis heart failure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/1/53 |
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