High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes
BackgroundLow bone mineral density (BMD) increases the risk of bone stress injuries (BSI) and is one of several clinical concerns in Para athlete sports medicine. However, whether bone microarchitecture is altered in Para athletes is not known.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate BMD, bone microarchitec...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1246828/full |
| _version_ | 1797614235762556928 |
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| author | Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk Kathrin Steffen Trine E. Finnes Trine E. Finnes Mikkel Pretorius Mikkel Pretorius Hilde Moseby Berge Hilde Moseby Berge |
| author_facet | Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk Kathrin Steffen Trine E. Finnes Trine E. Finnes Mikkel Pretorius Mikkel Pretorius Hilde Moseby Berge Hilde Moseby Berge |
| author_sort | Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundLow bone mineral density (BMD) increases the risk of bone stress injuries (BSI) and is one of several clinical concerns in Para athlete sports medicine. However, whether bone microarchitecture is altered in Para athletes is not known.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate BMD, bone microarchitecture and incidence of bone stress injuries in Norwegian elite Para athletes.DesignIn this cross-sectional study in Para athletes, Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (iDXA, Lunar, GE Health Care) derived areal BMD, trabecular bone score (TBS), a surrogate marker for bone microarchitecture, and body composition (body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), fat percentage) were investigated and compared between ambulant and non-ambulant athletes. Also, the association between BMD, TBS and body composition variables was investigated. Incidence of BSI was assessed with a questionnaire and confirmed by a sports physician in a clinical interview. BMD Z-score <−1 was defined as low and ≤−2 as osteoporotic. TBS ≥ 1.31 was normal, 1.23–1.31 intermediate and <1.23 low.ResultsAmong 38 athletes (26 ± 6 yrs, 14 females), BMD Z-score was low in 19 athletes, and osteoporotic in 11 athletes' lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN). BMD was lower in non-ambulant vs. ambulant athletes both in LS (1.13 ± 0.19 vs. 1.25 ± 0.14 g/cm2, p = 0.030) and FN (0.90 ± 0.15 vs. 1.07 ± 0.16 g/cm2, p = 0.003). TBS was normal for all athletes. BMD Z-score in LS was positively associated with TBS (r = 0.408, p = 0.013), body weight (r = 0.326, p = 0.046) and lean body mass (r = 0.414, p = 0.010), but not with fat mass or fat percentage. None of the athletes reported any BSI.ConclusionsHalf of the Norwegian elite Para athletes had low BMD, and 29% had BMD Z-score <−2 suggesting osteoporosis. Non-ambulant athletes were more prone to low BMD than ambulant athletes. However, despite high prevalence of low BMD, TBS was normal in all athletes, and BSI was absent in this young population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba570b5871ea429eab1506629a0a4295 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:06:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba570b5871ea429eab1506629a0a42952023-11-17T08:55:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672023-11-01510.3389/fspor.2023.12468281246828High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletesAnu E. Koivisto-Mørk0Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk1Kathrin Steffen2Trine E. Finnes3Trine E. Finnes4Mikkel Pretorius5Mikkel Pretorius6Hilde Moseby Berge7Hilde Moseby Berge8Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Sports Medicine, Norwegian Sports Medicine Centre (Idrettens Helsesenter), Oslo, NorwayOslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwaySection of Endocrinology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Hamar, NorwayDepartment of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayOslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayBackgroundLow bone mineral density (BMD) increases the risk of bone stress injuries (BSI) and is one of several clinical concerns in Para athlete sports medicine. However, whether bone microarchitecture is altered in Para athletes is not known.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate BMD, bone microarchitecture and incidence of bone stress injuries in Norwegian elite Para athletes.DesignIn this cross-sectional study in Para athletes, Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (iDXA, Lunar, GE Health Care) derived areal BMD, trabecular bone score (TBS), a surrogate marker for bone microarchitecture, and body composition (body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), fat percentage) were investigated and compared between ambulant and non-ambulant athletes. Also, the association between BMD, TBS and body composition variables was investigated. Incidence of BSI was assessed with a questionnaire and confirmed by a sports physician in a clinical interview. BMD Z-score <−1 was defined as low and ≤−2 as osteoporotic. TBS ≥ 1.31 was normal, 1.23–1.31 intermediate and <1.23 low.ResultsAmong 38 athletes (26 ± 6 yrs, 14 females), BMD Z-score was low in 19 athletes, and osteoporotic in 11 athletes' lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN). BMD was lower in non-ambulant vs. ambulant athletes both in LS (1.13 ± 0.19 vs. 1.25 ± 0.14 g/cm2, p = 0.030) and FN (0.90 ± 0.15 vs. 1.07 ± 0.16 g/cm2, p = 0.003). TBS was normal for all athletes. BMD Z-score in LS was positively associated with TBS (r = 0.408, p = 0.013), body weight (r = 0.326, p = 0.046) and lean body mass (r = 0.414, p = 0.010), but not with fat mass or fat percentage. None of the athletes reported any BSI.ConclusionsHalf of the Norwegian elite Para athletes had low BMD, and 29% had BMD Z-score <−2 suggesting osteoporosis. Non-ambulant athletes were more prone to low BMD than ambulant athletes. However, despite high prevalence of low BMD, TBS was normal in all athletes, and BSI was absent in this young population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1246828/fullosteopeniaosteoporosistrabecular bone scoredisabled athletesbone stress injurybone mineral density |
| spellingShingle | Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk Anu E. Koivisto-Mørk Kathrin Steffen Trine E. Finnes Trine E. Finnes Mikkel Pretorius Mikkel Pretorius Hilde Moseby Berge Hilde Moseby Berge High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes Frontiers in Sports and Active Living osteopenia osteoporosis trabecular bone score disabled athletes bone stress injury bone mineral density |
| title | High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes |
| title_full | High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes |
| title_fullStr | High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes |
| title_short | High prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in Norwegian elite Para athletes |
| title_sort | high prevalence of low bone mineral density but normal trabecular bone score in norwegian elite para athletes |
| topic | osteopenia osteoporosis trabecular bone score disabled athletes bone stress injury bone mineral density |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1246828/full |
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