Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress
Wheat is an important staple food crop for one-third of the global population; however, its growth is reduced by flooding. On the other hand, a plant-derived smoke solution enhances plant growth; however, its mechanism is not fully understood. To reveal the effects of the plant-derived smoke solutio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1508 |
| _version_ | 1827664288134725632 |
|---|---|
| author | Setsuko Komatsu Hisateru Yamaguchi Keisuke Hitachi Kunihiro Tsuchida Shafiq Ur Rehman Toshihisa Ohno |
| author_facet | Setsuko Komatsu Hisateru Yamaguchi Keisuke Hitachi Kunihiro Tsuchida Shafiq Ur Rehman Toshihisa Ohno |
| author_sort | Setsuko Komatsu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wheat is an important staple food crop for one-third of the global population; however, its growth is reduced by flooding. On the other hand, a plant-derived smoke solution enhances plant growth; however, its mechanism is not fully understood. To reveal the effects of the plant-derived smoke solution on wheat under flooding, morphological, biochemical, and proteomic analyses were conducted. The plant-derived smoke solution improved wheat-leaf growth, even under flooding. According to the functional categorization of proteomic results, oppositely changed proteins were correlated with photosynthesis, glycolysis, biotic stress, and amino-acid metabolism with or without the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that RuBisCO activase and RuBisCO large/small subunits, which decreased under flooding, were recovered by the application of the plant-derived smoke solution. Furthermore, the contents of chlorophylls <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> significantly decreased by flooding stress; however, they were recovered by the application of the plant-derived smoke solution. In glycolysis, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased with the application of the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding as compared with flooding alone. Additionally, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and serine decreased under flooding; however, they were recovered by the plant-derived smoke solution. These results suggest that the application of the plant-derived smoke solution improves the recovery of wheat growth through the regulation of photosynthesis and glycolysis even under flooding conditions. Furthermore, the plant-derived smoke solution might promote wheat tolerance against flooding stress through the regulation of amino-acid metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba57e89da3f34d6994d3066f036dfbc8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba57e89da3f34d6994d3066f036dfbc82023-11-23T14:39:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-06-011111150810.3390/plants11111508Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding StressSetsuko Komatsu0Hisateru Yamaguchi1Keisuke Hitachi2Kunihiro Tsuchida3Shafiq Ur Rehman4Toshihisa Ohno5Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, JapanDepartment of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi 512-8045, JapanInstitute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanInstitute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, JapanDepartment of Biology, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, PakistanFaculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, JapanWheat is an important staple food crop for one-third of the global population; however, its growth is reduced by flooding. On the other hand, a plant-derived smoke solution enhances plant growth; however, its mechanism is not fully understood. To reveal the effects of the plant-derived smoke solution on wheat under flooding, morphological, biochemical, and proteomic analyses were conducted. The plant-derived smoke solution improved wheat-leaf growth, even under flooding. According to the functional categorization of proteomic results, oppositely changed proteins were correlated with photosynthesis, glycolysis, biotic stress, and amino-acid metabolism with or without the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that RuBisCO activase and RuBisCO large/small subunits, which decreased under flooding, were recovered by the application of the plant-derived smoke solution. Furthermore, the contents of chlorophylls <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> significantly decreased by flooding stress; however, they were recovered by the application of the plant-derived smoke solution. In glycolysis, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased with the application of the plant-derived smoke solution under flooding as compared with flooding alone. Additionally, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and serine decreased under flooding; however, they were recovered by the plant-derived smoke solution. These results suggest that the application of the plant-derived smoke solution improves the recovery of wheat growth through the regulation of photosynthesis and glycolysis even under flooding conditions. Furthermore, the plant-derived smoke solution might promote wheat tolerance against flooding stress through the regulation of amino-acid metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1508proteomicswheatplant-derived smoke solutionflooding stress |
| spellingShingle | Setsuko Komatsu Hisateru Yamaguchi Keisuke Hitachi Kunihiro Tsuchida Shafiq Ur Rehman Toshihisa Ohno Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress Plants proteomics wheat plant-derived smoke solution flooding stress |
| title | Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress |
| title_full | Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress |
| title_fullStr | Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress |
| title_short | Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Analyses to Understand the Promotive Effects of Plant-Derived Smoke Solution on Wheat Growth under Flooding Stress |
| title_sort | morphological biochemical and proteomic analyses to understand the promotive effects of plant derived smoke solution on wheat growth under flooding stress |
| topic | proteomics wheat plant-derived smoke solution flooding stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1508 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT setsukokomatsu morphologicalbiochemicalandproteomicanalysestounderstandthepromotiveeffectsofplantderivedsmokesolutiononwheatgrowthunderfloodingstress AT hisateruyamaguchi morphologicalbiochemicalandproteomicanalysestounderstandthepromotiveeffectsofplantderivedsmokesolutiononwheatgrowthunderfloodingstress AT keisukehitachi morphologicalbiochemicalandproteomicanalysestounderstandthepromotiveeffectsofplantderivedsmokesolutiononwheatgrowthunderfloodingstress AT kunihirotsuchida morphologicalbiochemicalandproteomicanalysestounderstandthepromotiveeffectsofplantderivedsmokesolutiononwheatgrowthunderfloodingstress AT shafiqurrehman morphologicalbiochemicalandproteomicanalysestounderstandthepromotiveeffectsofplantderivedsmokesolutiononwheatgrowthunderfloodingstress AT toshihisaohno morphologicalbiochemicalandproteomicanalysestounderstandthepromotiveeffectsofplantderivedsmokesolutiononwheatgrowthunderfloodingstress |