Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludge
The process related to the formation of a multicomponent amorphous material during the reduction of α-Fe2O3 with the products of thermodestruction of WAS is studied using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Because WAS c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590159122000425 |
| _version_ | 1811298035502678016 |
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| author | Marina Vlasova Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar Jorge Luis Hernández Morelos Abigail Parra Parra Manuel Serrano Mary Cruz Reséndiz González Rene Guardian Tapia |
| author_facet | Marina Vlasova Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar Jorge Luis Hernández Morelos Abigail Parra Parra Manuel Serrano Mary Cruz Reséndiz González Rene Guardian Tapia |
| author_sort | Marina Vlasova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The process related to the formation of a multicomponent amorphous material during the reduction of α-Fe2O3 with the products of thermodestruction of WAS is studied using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Because WAS contains sand and clay along with its bio-components, the thermal treatment of WAS is accompanied by the formation of amorphous carbon, SiO2, Al2O3, and multicomponent alloys. At T = 1000 °C, under oxygen-deficient conditions, iron oxide was reduced according to the scheme: α-Fe2O3 → (amorphous phase)main part + (Fe + Fe0.94O)(crystalline)little part. The main product of the Fe2O3 reduction is amorphous iron with a lamellar structure. Newly formed amorphous alloys form interlayers between the iron plates and 3D inclusions. Inclusions of C, SiO2, and Al2O3 agglomerates are observed between the lamellar packs. This macrostructure of the material allows slow cooling of the 3D-samples while preserving the amorphous state of iron. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:13:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba744d38cc2b49ee9c0f6cc872dbbf67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1591 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:13:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba744d38cc2b49ee9c0f6cc872dbbf672022-12-22T02:58:56ZengElsevierJournal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X2590-15912022-12-0116100122Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludgeMarina Vlasova0Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar1Jorge Luis Hernández Morelos2Abigail Parra Parra3Manuel Serrano4Mary Cruz Reséndiz González5Rene Guardian Tapia6Corresponding authors.; Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Morelos State Autonomous University (CIICAp-UAEMor), Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoCorresponding authors.; Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Morelos State Autonomous University (CIICAp-UAEMor), Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoCenter for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Morelos State Autonomous University (CIICAp-UAEMor), Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoCenter for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Morelos State Autonomous University (CIICAp-UAEMor), Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoCenter for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Morelos State Autonomous University (CIICAp-UAEMor), Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoCenter for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Morelos State Autonomous University (CIICAp-UAEMor), Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoCenter for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, Morelos State Autonomous University (CIICAp-UAEMor), Av. Universidad 1001, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, MexicoThe process related to the formation of a multicomponent amorphous material during the reduction of α-Fe2O3 with the products of thermodestruction of WAS is studied using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Because WAS contains sand and clay along with its bio-components, the thermal treatment of WAS is accompanied by the formation of amorphous carbon, SiO2, Al2O3, and multicomponent alloys. At T = 1000 °C, under oxygen-deficient conditions, iron oxide was reduced according to the scheme: α-Fe2O3 → (amorphous phase)main part + (Fe + Fe0.94O)(crystalline)little part. The main product of the Fe2O3 reduction is amorphous iron with a lamellar structure. Newly formed amorphous alloys form interlayers between the iron plates and 3D inclusions. Inclusions of C, SiO2, and Al2O3 agglomerates are observed between the lamellar packs. This macrostructure of the material allows slow cooling of the 3D-samples while preserving the amorphous state of iron.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590159122000425α -Fe2O3WASReductionThree-dimensional amorphous specimensMetastable |
| spellingShingle | Marina Vlasova Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar Jorge Luis Hernández Morelos Abigail Parra Parra Manuel Serrano Mary Cruz Reséndiz González Rene Guardian Tapia Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludge Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X α -Fe2O3 WAS Reduction Three-dimensional amorphous specimens Metastable |
| title | Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludge |
| title_full | Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludge |
| title_fullStr | Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludge |
| title_short | Formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron-based alloy during carbothermal reduction of Fe2O3 by waste activated sludge |
| title_sort | formation of the amorphous multicomponent iron based alloy during carbothermal reduction of fe2o3 by waste activated sludge |
| topic | α -Fe2O3 WAS Reduction Three-dimensional amorphous specimens Metastable |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590159122000425 |
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