Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms
[Objectives] The cognitive model of depression assumes that depressive symptoms are influenced by dysfunctional cognitions. To further specify this model, the present study aimed to examine the influence of different types of cognitions on depressive symptoms, i.e., situational expectations and glob...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Institute for Psychology
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Clinical Psychology in Europe |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2547 |
| _version_ | 1797968369908973568 |
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| author | Tobias Kube Philipp Herzog Charlotte M. Michalak Julia A. Glombiewski Bettina K. Doering Winfried Rief |
| author_facet | Tobias Kube Philipp Herzog Charlotte M. Michalak Julia A. Glombiewski Bettina K. Doering Winfried Rief |
| author_sort | Tobias Kube |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | [Objectives] The cognitive model of depression assumes that depressive symptoms are influenced by dysfunctional cognitions. To further specify this model, the present study aimed to examine the influence of different types of cognitions on depressive symptoms, i.e., situational expectations and global cognitions. It was hypothesized that situational expectations predict depressive symptoms beyond global cognitions. [Design] The present study examined a clinical (N = 91) and a healthy sample (N = 80) using longitudinal data with a baseline assessment and a follow-up five months later. Although the study was not designed as an interventional trial, participants from the clinical study received non-manualized cognitive-behavioral treatment after the baseline assessment. [Methods] We examined situational expectations, intermediate beliefs, dispositional optimism, and generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation as predictors of depressive symptoms. Hypotheses were tested using multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses. [Results] Results indicate that, although there were significant correlations between the cognitive factors and depressive symptoms, in both samples neither global cognitions, nor situational expectations significantly predicted depressive symptoms at the five-month follow-up. [Conclusions] The present study could, contrary to the hypotheses, not provide evidence for a significant impact of cognitive vulnerabilities on depressive symptoms, presumably due to high drop-out rates at follow-up. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are critically discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T02:44:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba79bf5df962492e93c3b35e330ffeb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2625-3410 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T02:44:44Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | PsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Institute for Psychology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Psychology in Europe |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba79bf5df962492e93c3b35e330ffeb92023-01-02T18:13:15ZengPsychOpen GOLD/ Leibniz Institute for PsychologyClinical Psychology in Europe2625-34102019-12-011410.32872/cpe.v1i4.33548cpe.v1i4.2547Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive SymptomsTobias Kube0Philipp Herzog1Charlotte M. Michalak2Julia A. Glombiewski3Bettina K. Doering4Winfried Rief5Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, GermanyDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany[Objectives] The cognitive model of depression assumes that depressive symptoms are influenced by dysfunctional cognitions. To further specify this model, the present study aimed to examine the influence of different types of cognitions on depressive symptoms, i.e., situational expectations and global cognitions. It was hypothesized that situational expectations predict depressive symptoms beyond global cognitions. [Design] The present study examined a clinical (N = 91) and a healthy sample (N = 80) using longitudinal data with a baseline assessment and a follow-up five months later. Although the study was not designed as an interventional trial, participants from the clinical study received non-manualized cognitive-behavioral treatment after the baseline assessment. [Methods] We examined situational expectations, intermediate beliefs, dispositional optimism, and generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation as predictors of depressive symptoms. Hypotheses were tested using multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses. [Results] Results indicate that, although there were significant correlations between the cognitive factors and depressive symptoms, in both samples neither global cognitions, nor situational expectations significantly predicted depressive symptoms at the five-month follow-up. [Conclusions] The present study could, contrary to the hypotheses, not provide evidence for a significant impact of cognitive vulnerabilities on depressive symptoms, presumably due to high drop-out rates at follow-up. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are critically discussed.https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2547expectationexpectancydepressioncognitive modelbehavioral experiment |
| spellingShingle | Tobias Kube Philipp Herzog Charlotte M. Michalak Julia A. Glombiewski Bettina K. Doering Winfried Rief Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms Clinical Psychology in Europe expectation expectancy depression cognitive model behavioral experiment |
| title | Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms |
| title_full | Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms |
| title_fullStr | Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms |
| title_short | Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms |
| title_sort | further specifying the cognitive model of depression situational expectations and global cognitions as predictors of depressive symptoms |
| topic | expectation expectancy depression cognitive model behavioral experiment |
| url | https://cpe.psychopen.eu/index.php/cpe/article/view/2547 |
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