Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different Provenances
<i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> is a rapidly growing broad-leaved tree species that is widely distributed in southwest China. It has a significant economic and ecological value. However, with the expansion of the planting area, the influence of phenotypic variation and differentiation on <i...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| author | Yue Zheng Maosong Feng Xue Li Xingyan Huang Gang Chen Wenyu Bai Xueju Xu Jiayi Li Xiaohong Li Bin Leng Hao Sun Chunyan He Yunjie Chen |
| author_facet | Yue Zheng Maosong Feng Xue Li Xingyan Huang Gang Chen Wenyu Bai Xueju Xu Jiayi Li Xiaohong Li Bin Leng Hao Sun Chunyan He Yunjie Chen |
| author_sort | Yue Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> is a rapidly growing broad-leaved tree species that is widely distributed in southwest China. It has a significant economic and ecological value. However, with the expansion of the planting area, the influence of phenotypic variation and differentiation on <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> has increased, resulting in a continuous decline in its genetic quality. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the phenotypic variation of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> and select excellent breeding materials for genetic improvement. Herein, four growth-related phenotypic traits (diameter at breast height, the height of trees, volume, height under the branches) and twelve reproductive-related phenotypic traits (fresh weight of single cone, dry weight of single cone, seed weight per plant, thousand kernel weight, cone length, cone width, cone length × cone width, fruit shape index, seed rate, germination rate, germination potential, germination index) of 40 clones from four provenances were measured and analyzed. The phenotypic variation was comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and excellent clones were selected as breeding materials. The results revealed that there were abundant phenotypic traits variations among and within provenances. Most of the phenotypic traits were highly significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.01) among provenances. The phenotypic variation among provenances (26.36%) was greater than that of within provenances clones (24.80%). The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient was accounted for 52.61% among provenances, indicating that the phenotypic variation mainly came from among provenances. The coefficient of variation ranged from 9.41% (fruit shape index) to 97.19% (seed weight per plant), and the repeatability ranged from 0.36 (volume) to 0.77 (cone width). Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation among most phenotypic traits. In principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 79.18%, representing the main information on the measured phenotypic traits. The cluster analysis revealed four groups for the 40 clones. Group I and group II exhibited better performance phenotypic traits as compared with group III and group IV. In addition, the four groups are not clearly clustered following the distance from the provenance. Employing the multi-trait comprehensive evaluation method, 12 excellent clones were selected, and the average genetic gain for each phenotypic trait ranged from 4.78% (diameter at breast height) to 32.05% (dry weight of single cone). These selected excellent clones can serve as candidate materials for the improvement and transformation of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> seed orchards. In addition, this study can also provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement, breeding, and clone selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne.</i> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:13:39Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ba7c5eb4c2fe4d50ab2c693a9cf8b9f32023-11-19T12:32:21ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011218325910.3390/plants12183259Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different ProvenancesYue Zheng0Maosong Feng1Xue Li2Xingyan Huang3Gang Chen4Wenyu Bai5Xueju Xu6Jiayi Li7Xiaohong Li8Bin Leng9Hao Sun10Chunyan He11Yunjie Chen12College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China<i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> is a rapidly growing broad-leaved tree species that is widely distributed in southwest China. It has a significant economic and ecological value. However, with the expansion of the planting area, the influence of phenotypic variation and differentiation on <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> has increased, resulting in a continuous decline in its genetic quality. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the phenotypic variation of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> and select excellent breeding materials for genetic improvement. Herein, four growth-related phenotypic traits (diameter at breast height, the height of trees, volume, height under the branches) and twelve reproductive-related phenotypic traits (fresh weight of single cone, dry weight of single cone, seed weight per plant, thousand kernel weight, cone length, cone width, cone length × cone width, fruit shape index, seed rate, germination rate, germination potential, germination index) of 40 clones from four provenances were measured and analyzed. The phenotypic variation was comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and excellent clones were selected as breeding materials. The results revealed that there were abundant phenotypic traits variations among and within provenances. Most of the phenotypic traits were highly significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.01) among provenances. The phenotypic variation among provenances (26.36%) was greater than that of within provenances clones (24.80%). The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient was accounted for 52.61% among provenances, indicating that the phenotypic variation mainly came from among provenances. The coefficient of variation ranged from 9.41% (fruit shape index) to 97.19% (seed weight per plant), and the repeatability ranged from 0.36 (volume) to 0.77 (cone width). Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation among most phenotypic traits. In principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 79.18%, representing the main information on the measured phenotypic traits. The cluster analysis revealed four groups for the 40 clones. Group I and group II exhibited better performance phenotypic traits as compared with group III and group IV. In addition, the four groups are not clearly clustered following the distance from the provenance. Employing the multi-trait comprehensive evaluation method, 12 excellent clones were selected, and the average genetic gain for each phenotypic trait ranged from 4.78% (diameter at breast height) to 32.05% (dry weight of single cone). These selected excellent clones can serve as candidate materials for the improvement and transformation of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> seed orchards. In addition, this study can also provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement, breeding, and clone selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3259<i>Alnus cremastogyne</i>phenotypic traitsphenotypic variationexcellent clone |
| spellingShingle | Yue Zheng Maosong Feng Xue Li Xingyan Huang Gang Chen Wenyu Bai Xueju Xu Jiayi Li Xiaohong Li Bin Leng Hao Sun Chunyan He Yunjie Chen Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different Provenances Plants <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> phenotypic traits phenotypic variation excellent clone |
| title | Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_full | Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_short | Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> from Different Provenances |
| title_sort | phenotypic variation analysis and excellent clone selection of i alnus cremastogyne i from different provenances |
| topic | <i>Alnus cremastogyne</i> phenotypic traits phenotypic variation excellent clone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3259 |
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