| Summary: | The colonial past was a key factor in the dictatorships of Franco in Spain and Salazar in Portugal. In both cases, colonialism was reinterpreted according to the needs of the moment, and the emergence of new colonial conflicts led to an even greater recourse to the past. The article will explore comparatively the similarities and differences between the Spanish and the Portuguese colonialism in Africa, the specific characteristics of their colonial conflicts and the memorial policies of both states. Several examples, such as the role of heroes, or victories and defeats, will be considered to see how they were perceived and how they were transmitted to public opinion in the respective countries.
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