Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal Availability
Combined paper mill biosolids (PB) and forest-derived liming by-products improve soil properties, but their residual effects following several years of application have hardly been investigated. A 13-year (2009–2021) field study was initiated at Yamachiche, QC, Canada, to assess the residual effects...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Soil Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/7/2/40 |
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| author | Bernard Gagnon Noura Ziadi |
| author_facet | Bernard Gagnon Noura Ziadi |
| author_sort | Bernard Gagnon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Combined paper mill biosolids (PB) and forest-derived liming by-products improve soil properties, but their residual effects following several years of application have hardly been investigated. A 13-year (2009–2021) field study was initiated at Yamachiche, QC, Canada, to assess the residual effects of PB and liming materials on the properties of a loamy soil. The PB was applied during nine consecutive years (2000–2008) at 0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg wet·ha<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the 30 Mg PB·ha<sup>−1</sup> rate also received one of three liming materials (calcitic lime, lime mud, wood ash) at 3 Mg wet·ha<sup>−1</sup>. No amendment was applied during residual years. Past liming materials continued to increase soil pH but their effect decreased over time; meanwhile, past PB applications caused a low increase in residual soil NO<sub>3</sub>-N. Soil total C, which represented 40% of added organic C when PB applications ceased, stabilized to 15% after six years. Soil Mehlich-3-extractable contents declined over the thirteen residual years to be not significant for P, K, and Cu, while they reached half the values of the application years for Zn and Cd. Conversely, Mehlich-3 Ca was little affected by time. Therefore, land PB and liming material applications benefited soil properties several years after their cessation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:56:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba93ac12145b40c0b98d342fc280e734 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-8789 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:56:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Soil Systems |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba93ac12145b40c0b98d342fc280e7342023-11-18T12:38:22ZengMDPI AGSoil Systems2571-87892023-04-01724010.3390/soilsystems7020040Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal AvailabilityBernard Gagnon0Noura Ziadi1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec Research and Development Centre, 2560 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, QC G1V 2J3, CanadaAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec Research and Development Centre, 2560 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, QC G1V 2J3, CanadaCombined paper mill biosolids (PB) and forest-derived liming by-products improve soil properties, but their residual effects following several years of application have hardly been investigated. A 13-year (2009–2021) field study was initiated at Yamachiche, QC, Canada, to assess the residual effects of PB and liming materials on the properties of a loamy soil. The PB was applied during nine consecutive years (2000–2008) at 0, 30, 60, and 90 Mg wet·ha<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the 30 Mg PB·ha<sup>−1</sup> rate also received one of three liming materials (calcitic lime, lime mud, wood ash) at 3 Mg wet·ha<sup>−1</sup>. No amendment was applied during residual years. Past liming materials continued to increase soil pH but their effect decreased over time; meanwhile, past PB applications caused a low increase in residual soil NO<sub>3</sub>-N. Soil total C, which represented 40% of added organic C when PB applications ceased, stabilized to 15% after six years. Soil Mehlich-3-extractable contents declined over the thirteen residual years to be not significant for P, K, and Cu, while they reached half the values of the application years for Zn and Cd. Conversely, Mehlich-3 Ca was little affected by time. Therefore, land PB and liming material applications benefited soil properties several years after their cessation.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/7/2/40limingorganic matterpaper mill biosolidsresidual effecttrace metals |
| spellingShingle | Bernard Gagnon Noura Ziadi Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal Availability Soil Systems liming organic matter paper mill biosolids residual effect trace metals |
| title | Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal Availability |
| title_full | Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal Availability |
| title_fullStr | Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal Availability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal Availability |
| title_short | Paper Mill Biosolids and Forest-Derived Liming Materials Applied on Cropland: Residual Effects on Soil Properties and Metal Availability |
| title_sort | paper mill biosolids and forest derived liming materials applied on cropland residual effects on soil properties and metal availability |
| topic | liming organic matter paper mill biosolids residual effect trace metals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/7/2/40 |
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