<i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans
<i>Brucella</i> is an intracellular bacterium that causes abortion, reproduction failure in livestock and leads to a debilitating flu-like illness with serious chronic complications if untreated in humans. As a successful intracellular pathogen, <i>Brucella</i> has developed...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/2/186 |
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| author | Gabriela González-Espinoza Vilma Arce-Gorvel Sylvie Mémet Jean-Pierre Gorvel |
| author_facet | Gabriela González-Espinoza Vilma Arce-Gorvel Sylvie Mémet Jean-Pierre Gorvel |
| author_sort | Gabriela González-Espinoza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Brucella</i> is an intracellular bacterium that causes abortion, reproduction failure in livestock and leads to a debilitating flu-like illness with serious chronic complications if untreated in humans. As a successful intracellular pathogen, <i>Brucella</i> has developed strategies to avoid recognition by the immune system of the host and promote its survival and replication. In vivo, Brucellae reside mostly within phagocytes and other cells including trophoblasts, where they establish a preferred replicative niche inside the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is central as it gives <i>Brucella</i> the ability to maintain replicating-surviving cycles for long periods of time, even at low bacterial numbers, in its cellular niches. In this review, we propose that <i>Brucella</i> takes advantage of the environment provided by the cellular niches in which it resides to generate reservoirs and disseminate to other organs. We will discuss how the favored cellular niches for <i>Brucella</i> infection in the host give rise to anatomical reservoirs that may lead to chronic infections or persistence in asymptomatic subjects, and which may be considered as a threat for further contamination. A special emphasis will be put on bone marrow, lymph nodes, reproductive and for the first time adipose tissues, as well as wildlife reservoirs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:59:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ba994cb4ce814491b44a1cc57eb38ef1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:59:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba994cb4ce814491b44a1cc57eb38ef12023-12-03T13:01:54ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-02-0110218610.3390/pathogens10020186<i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and HumansGabriela González-Espinoza0Vilma Arce-Gorvel1Sylvie Mémet2Jean-Pierre Gorvel3Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France<i>Brucella</i> is an intracellular bacterium that causes abortion, reproduction failure in livestock and leads to a debilitating flu-like illness with serious chronic complications if untreated in humans. As a successful intracellular pathogen, <i>Brucella</i> has developed strategies to avoid recognition by the immune system of the host and promote its survival and replication. In vivo, Brucellae reside mostly within phagocytes and other cells including trophoblasts, where they establish a preferred replicative niche inside the endoplasmic reticulum. This process is central as it gives <i>Brucella</i> the ability to maintain replicating-surviving cycles for long periods of time, even at low bacterial numbers, in its cellular niches. In this review, we propose that <i>Brucella</i> takes advantage of the environment provided by the cellular niches in which it resides to generate reservoirs and disseminate to other organs. We will discuss how the favored cellular niches for <i>Brucella</i> infection in the host give rise to anatomical reservoirs that may lead to chronic infections or persistence in asymptomatic subjects, and which may be considered as a threat for further contamination. A special emphasis will be put on bone marrow, lymph nodes, reproductive and for the first time adipose tissues, as well as wildlife reservoirs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/2/186<i>Brucella</i>replication nichereservoirpersistencesurvivalchronic infection |
| spellingShingle | Gabriela González-Espinoza Vilma Arce-Gorvel Sylvie Mémet Jean-Pierre Gorvel <i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans Pathogens <i>Brucella</i> replication niche reservoir persistence survival chronic infection |
| title | <i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans |
| title_full | <i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans |
| title_fullStr | <i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans |
| title_short | <i>Brucella</i>: Reservoirs and Niches in Animals and Humans |
| title_sort | i brucella i reservoirs and niches in animals and humans |
| topic | <i>Brucella</i> replication niche reservoir persistence survival chronic infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/2/186 |
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