Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients
Stroke impairments often present as cognitive and motor deficits, leading to a decline in quality of life. Recovery strategy and mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity, are important factors, as these can help improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The present study investigated chiropractic spin...
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/644 |
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| author | Toby Steven Waterstone Imran Khan Niazi Muhammad Samran Navid Imran Amjad Muhammad Shafique Kelly Holt Heidi Haavik Afshin Samani |
| author_facet | Toby Steven Waterstone Imran Khan Niazi Muhammad Samran Navid Imran Amjad Muhammad Shafique Kelly Holt Heidi Haavik Afshin Samani |
| author_sort | Toby Steven Waterstone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stroke impairments often present as cognitive and motor deficits, leading to a decline in quality of life. Recovery strategy and mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity, are important factors, as these can help improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The present study investigated chiropractic spinal manipulation (SM) and its effects on resting-state functional connectivity in 24 subacute to chronic stroke patients monitored by electroencephalography (EEG). Functional connectivity of both linear and non-linear coupling was estimated by coherence and phase lag index (PLI), respectively. Non-parametric cluster-based permutation tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the changes in functional connectivity following SM. Results showed a significant increase in functional connectivity from the PLI metric in the alpha band within the default mode network (DMN). The functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal regions increased following SM, <i>t</i> (23) = 10.45, <i>p</i> = 0.005. No significant changes occurred following the sham control procedure. These findings suggest that SM may alter functional connectivity in the brain of stroke patients and highlights the potential of EEG for monitoring neuroplastic changes following SM. Furthermore, the altered connectivity was observed between areas which may be affected by factors such as decreased pain perception, episodic memory, navigation, and space representation in the brain. However, these factors were not directly monitored in this study. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of the observed changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:14:51Z |
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| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:14:51Z |
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| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-baa74e53ecdb4b74a9c151e4cbfe697f2023-11-20T14:08:08ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-09-0110964410.3390/brainsci10090644Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke PatientsToby Steven Waterstone0Imran Khan Niazi1Muhammad Samran Navid2Imran Amjad3Muhammad Shafique4Kelly Holt5Heidi Haavik6Afshin Samani7Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, DenmarkCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandFaculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Sciences & Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandCentre for Chiropractic Research, New Zealand College of Chiropractic, Auckland 1060, New ZealandDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, DenmarkStroke impairments often present as cognitive and motor deficits, leading to a decline in quality of life. Recovery strategy and mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity, are important factors, as these can help improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The present study investigated chiropractic spinal manipulation (SM) and its effects on resting-state functional connectivity in 24 subacute to chronic stroke patients monitored by electroencephalography (EEG). Functional connectivity of both linear and non-linear coupling was estimated by coherence and phase lag index (PLI), respectively. Non-parametric cluster-based permutation tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the changes in functional connectivity following SM. Results showed a significant increase in functional connectivity from the PLI metric in the alpha band within the default mode network (DMN). The functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal regions increased following SM, <i>t</i> (23) = 10.45, <i>p</i> = 0.005. No significant changes occurred following the sham control procedure. These findings suggest that SM may alter functional connectivity in the brain of stroke patients and highlights the potential of EEG for monitoring neuroplastic changes following SM. Furthermore, the altered connectivity was observed between areas which may be affected by factors such as decreased pain perception, episodic memory, navigation, and space representation in the brain. However, these factors were not directly monitored in this study. Therefore, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of the observed changes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/644chiropracticstrokeresting-state electroencephalographyfunctional connectivityspinal manipulation |
| spellingShingle | Toby Steven Waterstone Imran Khan Niazi Muhammad Samran Navid Imran Amjad Muhammad Shafique Kelly Holt Heidi Haavik Afshin Samani Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients Brain Sciences chiropractic stroke resting-state electroencephalography functional connectivity spinal manipulation |
| title | Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients |
| title_full | Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients |
| title_fullStr | Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients |
| title_short | Functional Connectivity Analysis on Resting-State Electroencephalography Signals Following Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation in Stroke Patients |
| title_sort | functional connectivity analysis on resting state electroencephalography signals following chiropractic spinal manipulation in stroke patients |
| topic | chiropractic stroke resting-state electroencephalography functional connectivity spinal manipulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/644 |
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