The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach
Abstract Background Although there is a growing body of evidence linking parenting styles to health outcomes, little emphasis has been dedicated to how parenting styles affect chronic pain in adolescents. Given the high prevalence of chronic pain in adolescents and taking into consideration the comp...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00496-5 |
| _version_ | 1811222943398625280 |
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| author | Saghar Salari Maryam Shaygan Giti Setoodeh |
| author_facet | Saghar Salari Maryam Shaygan Giti Setoodeh |
| author_sort | Saghar Salari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Although there is a growing body of evidence linking parenting styles to health outcomes, little emphasis has been dedicated to how parenting styles affect chronic pain in adolescents. Given the high prevalence of chronic pain in adolescents and taking into consideration the complexity of chronic pain and the factors affecting it, further research is needed to better understand the processes through which parenting styles affect adolescents’ pain. The purpose of the present study was to explore the mediating role of maladaptive schemas in the association between different parenting styles and chronic pain. Method 1302 adolescents aged 12 to 21 in Shiraz, Iran, were randomly selected to participate in this study. To identify adolescents with chronic pain, screening questions based on the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases were used. Buri’s Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Young’s Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) were used to assess the parenting styles and maladaptive cognitive schemas, respectively. The structural equation modeling approach was carried out to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of different parenting styles on chronic pain. Results The results in the SEM models revealed that disconnection/ rejection (β = − 0.043, 95%CI = − 0.07 to − 0.02), impaired autonomy/ performance (β = − 0.01, 95%CI = − 0.02 to -0.003), over-vigilance/inhibition (β = − 0.007, 95%CI = − 0.01 to − 0.008), and impaired limits schemas (β = − 0.004, 95%CI = − 0.006 to − 0.002) significantly mediated the protective effects of the authoritative parenting style on chronic pain. It was also found that the mediating effects of disconnection/ rejection (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.01 to 0.02), and over-vigilance/ inhibition (β = 0.002, 95%CI = 0.001 to 0.02) existed in the relationship between the authoritarian style and chronic pain. The permissive style may also affect chronic pain through disconnection/ rejection (β = 0.004, 95%CI = 0.001 to 0.01), other-directedness (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.005 to 0.015), and impaired limits schemas (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.04 to 0.06). Discussion The findings of the present study showed that maladaptive cognitive schemas play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents. It seems that the interventions that target the effective communication between the parents and the adolescents can be considered as an important part in the chronic pain management in adolescents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:24:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-baae573e857b4aabb48458b488e901bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1753-2000 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:24:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-baae573e857b4aabb48458b488e901bc2022-12-22T03:40:27ZengBMCChild and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health1753-20002022-07-0116111510.1186/s13034-022-00496-5The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approachSaghar Salari0Maryam Shaygan1Giti Setoodeh2Student Research Committee, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesCommunity Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Although there is a growing body of evidence linking parenting styles to health outcomes, little emphasis has been dedicated to how parenting styles affect chronic pain in adolescents. Given the high prevalence of chronic pain in adolescents and taking into consideration the complexity of chronic pain and the factors affecting it, further research is needed to better understand the processes through which parenting styles affect adolescents’ pain. The purpose of the present study was to explore the mediating role of maladaptive schemas in the association between different parenting styles and chronic pain. Method 1302 adolescents aged 12 to 21 in Shiraz, Iran, were randomly selected to participate in this study. To identify adolescents with chronic pain, screening questions based on the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases were used. Buri’s Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and Young’s Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) were used to assess the parenting styles and maladaptive cognitive schemas, respectively. The structural equation modeling approach was carried out to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of different parenting styles on chronic pain. Results The results in the SEM models revealed that disconnection/ rejection (β = − 0.043, 95%CI = − 0.07 to − 0.02), impaired autonomy/ performance (β = − 0.01, 95%CI = − 0.02 to -0.003), over-vigilance/inhibition (β = − 0.007, 95%CI = − 0.01 to − 0.008), and impaired limits schemas (β = − 0.004, 95%CI = − 0.006 to − 0.002) significantly mediated the protective effects of the authoritative parenting style on chronic pain. It was also found that the mediating effects of disconnection/ rejection (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.01 to 0.02), and over-vigilance/ inhibition (β = 0.002, 95%CI = 0.001 to 0.02) existed in the relationship between the authoritarian style and chronic pain. The permissive style may also affect chronic pain through disconnection/ rejection (β = 0.004, 95%CI = 0.001 to 0.01), other-directedness (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.005 to 0.015), and impaired limits schemas (β = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.04 to 0.06). Discussion The findings of the present study showed that maladaptive cognitive schemas play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents. It seems that the interventions that target the effective communication between the parents and the adolescents can be considered as an important part in the chronic pain management in adolescents.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00496-5AdolescentsChronic painMaladaptive cognitive schemasParenting styles |
| spellingShingle | Saghar Salari Maryam Shaygan Giti Setoodeh The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health Adolescents Chronic pain Maladaptive cognitive schemas Parenting styles |
| title | The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach |
| title_full | The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach |
| title_fullStr | The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach |
| title_short | The mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents: a structural equation modelling approach |
| title_sort | mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas regarding the relationship between parenting styles and chronic pain in adolescents a structural equation modelling approach |
| topic | Adolescents Chronic pain Maladaptive cognitive schemas Parenting styles |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00496-5 |
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