The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift
Second-order Zeeman frequency shift is one of the major systematic factors affecting the frequency uncertainty performance of cesium atomic fountain clock. Second-order Zeeman frequency shift is calculated by experimentally measuring the central frequency of the (1,1) or (−1,−1) magnetically sensiti...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8333 |
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| author | Yang Bai Xinliang Wang Junru Shi Fan Yang Jun Ruan Ruifang Dong Shougang Zhang |
| author_facet | Yang Bai Xinliang Wang Junru Shi Fan Yang Jun Ruan Ruifang Dong Shougang Zhang |
| author_sort | Yang Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Second-order Zeeman frequency shift is one of the major systematic factors affecting the frequency uncertainty performance of cesium atomic fountain clock. Second-order Zeeman frequency shift is calculated by experimentally measuring the central frequency of the (1,1) or (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition. The low-frequency transition method can be used to measure the magnetic field strength and to predict the central fringe of (1,1) or (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition. In this paper, we deduce the formula for magnetic field measurement using the low-frequency transition method and measured the magnetic field distribution of 4 cm inside the Ramsey cavity and 32 cm along the flight region experimentally. The result shows that the magnetic field fluctuation is less than 1 nT. The influence of low-frequency pulse signal duration on the accuracy of magnetic field measurement is studied and the optimal low-frequency pulse signal duration is determined. The central fringe of (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition can be predicted by using a numerical integrating of the magnetic field “map”. Comparing the predicted central fringe with that identified by Ramsey method, the frequency difference between these two is, at most, a fringe width of 0.3. We apply the experimentally measured central frequency of the (−1,−1) Ramsey transition to the Breit-Rabi formula, and the second-order Zeeman frequency shift is calculated as 131.03 × 10<sup>−15</sup>, with the uncertainty of 0.10 × 10<sup>−15</sup>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:09:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-babf802fd6504cdfb696d471ff13cdb2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:09:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-babf802fd6504cdfb696d471ff13cdb22023-11-23T10:30:00ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-12-012124833310.3390/s21248333The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency ShiftYang Bai0Xinliang Wang1Junru Shi2Fan Yang3Jun Ruan4Ruifang Dong5Shougang Zhang6National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, ChinaSecond-order Zeeman frequency shift is one of the major systematic factors affecting the frequency uncertainty performance of cesium atomic fountain clock. Second-order Zeeman frequency shift is calculated by experimentally measuring the central frequency of the (1,1) or (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition. The low-frequency transition method can be used to measure the magnetic field strength and to predict the central fringe of (1,1) or (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition. In this paper, we deduce the formula for magnetic field measurement using the low-frequency transition method and measured the magnetic field distribution of 4 cm inside the Ramsey cavity and 32 cm along the flight region experimentally. The result shows that the magnetic field fluctuation is less than 1 nT. The influence of low-frequency pulse signal duration on the accuracy of magnetic field measurement is studied and the optimal low-frequency pulse signal duration is determined. The central fringe of (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition can be predicted by using a numerical integrating of the magnetic field “map”. Comparing the predicted central fringe with that identified by Ramsey method, the frequency difference between these two is, at most, a fringe width of 0.3. We apply the experimentally measured central frequency of the (−1,−1) Ramsey transition to the Breit-Rabi formula, and the second-order Zeeman frequency shift is calculated as 131.03 × 10<sup>−15</sup>, with the uncertainty of 0.10 × 10<sup>−15</sup>.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8333cesium atomic fountain clocksecond-order Zeeman frequency shiftlow-frequency transition |
| spellingShingle | Yang Bai Xinliang Wang Junru Shi Fan Yang Jun Ruan Ruifang Dong Shougang Zhang The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift Sensors cesium atomic fountain clock second-order Zeeman frequency shift low-frequency transition |
| title | The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift |
| title_full | The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift |
| title_fullStr | The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift |
| title_short | The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift |
| title_sort | application of low frequency transition in the assessment of the second order zeeman frequency shift |
| topic | cesium atomic fountain clock second-order Zeeman frequency shift low-frequency transition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/24/8333 |
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