| Summary: | The aim of this study was to assess how soil use and the cultivation of <i>Triticum aestivum</i> spp. <i>vulgare</i> L. (Sw), <i>Triticum aestivum</i> spp. <i>spelta</i> L. (Ww), <i>Zea mays</i> L. (M), and <i>Brassica napus</i> L. (Wr) impacts soil microbiota. This study consisted of a pot experiment over 120 days, until <i>Vicia faba</i> spp. minor seeds and pods reached the developmental stage of growth. This study showed that <i>T. aestivum</i> spp. <i>vulgare</i> L. grown in the soil sown with faba beans had a beneficial effect on the development of organotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria, and fungi. Regardless of the previous crop and soil cultivation method, r-strategists were found among the organotrophic bacteria and fungi, whereas K-strategists were found among the actinobacteria. All soils sown with faba beans were primarily colonized by bacteria belonging to the phylum Actinobacteriota (represented by the genus <i>Cellulosimicrobium</i>) and fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota. In the soil sown with field faba beans from the cultivation of Sw and Wr, the soil was dominated by <i>Mortierella</i> genus fungi; that of Ww was dominated by <i>Cladosporium</i>, and that of M was dominated by <i>Alternaria</i>. The results of this study provide new insights into the influence of previous crops and further cropping with faba bean on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the soil microbiota.
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