Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes
BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the major cause of end stage renal disease, characterized by proteinuria with a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate. Although hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for the development and progres...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1079725/full |
| _version_ | 1811205582357528576 |
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| author | Khalid Siddiqui Teena P. George Salini S. Joy Assim A. Alfadda Assim A. Alfadda Assim A. Alfadda |
| author_facet | Khalid Siddiqui Teena P. George Salini S. Joy Assim A. Alfadda Assim A. Alfadda Assim A. Alfadda |
| author_sort | Khalid Siddiqui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the major cause of end stage renal disease, characterized by proteinuria with a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate. Although hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease among diabetic patients, many other risk factors also contribute to structural and functional changes in the kidneys. As recommended by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), CKD classification based on cause and severity, links to risk of adverse outcomes including mortality and kidney outcomes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of risk factors associated with the severity of CKD among participants with longer duration of diabetes. This study also aims to find whether number of risk factors vary among risk of CKD progression categories based on KDIGO classification.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study retrospectively selected 424 participants from type 2 diabetic cohort and categorized them based on the classifications for the diagnosis of kidney diseases in patients with diabetes, according to the KDIGO guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% CI of each risk factors according to severity of renal disease were determined.ResultsBased on KDIGO classification, participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were categorized in to low risk (n=174); moderately increased risk (n=98); and high/very high risk (n=152). Type 2 diabetic participants with risk factors such as, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, DM duration ≥15 years and diabetic retinopathy showed a high/very high risk of CKD progression when compared with low-risk category. While T2D participants with risk factors such as, lack of exercise, hypertension, and diabetic retinopathy showed a moderately increased risk of CKD progression. In addition, participants with highest number of risk factors were significantly distributed among high/very high risk of CKD progression category.ConclusionThis study findings conclude that patients with T2DM and duration of ≥15 years, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy have an increased prevalence of advanced CKD. In addition to this, increased number of risk factors could be an indicator of the severity of CKD in T2D. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:33:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bac7b4e7869d422ab44e4ecf9fb936dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T03:33:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bac7b4e7869d422ab44e4ecf9fb936dc2022-12-22T03:49:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-12-011310.3389/fendo.2022.10797251079725Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetesKhalid Siddiqui0Teena P. George1Salini S. Joy2Assim A. Alfadda3Assim A. Alfadda4Assim A. Alfadda5Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaStrategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaStrategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaStrategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaObesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the major cause of end stage renal disease, characterized by proteinuria with a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate. Although hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease among diabetic patients, many other risk factors also contribute to structural and functional changes in the kidneys. As recommended by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), CKD classification based on cause and severity, links to risk of adverse outcomes including mortality and kidney outcomes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of risk factors associated with the severity of CKD among participants with longer duration of diabetes. This study also aims to find whether number of risk factors vary among risk of CKD progression categories based on KDIGO classification.Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study retrospectively selected 424 participants from type 2 diabetic cohort and categorized them based on the classifications for the diagnosis of kidney diseases in patients with diabetes, according to the KDIGO guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% CI of each risk factors according to severity of renal disease were determined.ResultsBased on KDIGO classification, participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were categorized in to low risk (n=174); moderately increased risk (n=98); and high/very high risk (n=152). Type 2 diabetic participants with risk factors such as, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, DM duration ≥15 years and diabetic retinopathy showed a high/very high risk of CKD progression when compared with low-risk category. While T2D participants with risk factors such as, lack of exercise, hypertension, and diabetic retinopathy showed a moderately increased risk of CKD progression. In addition, participants with highest number of risk factors were significantly distributed among high/very high risk of CKD progression category.ConclusionThis study findings conclude that patients with T2DM and duration of ≥15 years, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy have an increased prevalence of advanced CKD. In addition to this, increased number of risk factors could be an indicator of the severity of CKD in T2D.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1079725/fulldiabetic kidney disease (DKD)diabetic nephropathylonger duration of diabetesrisk factorshigh prevalence of diabetes |
| spellingShingle | Khalid Siddiqui Teena P. George Salini S. Joy Assim A. Alfadda Assim A. Alfadda Assim A. Alfadda Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes Frontiers in Endocrinology diabetic kidney disease (DKD) diabetic nephropathy longer duration of diabetes risk factors high prevalence of diabetes |
| title | Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes |
| title_full | Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes |
| title_short | Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes |
| title_sort | risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes |
| topic | diabetic kidney disease (DKD) diabetic nephropathy longer duration of diabetes risk factors high prevalence of diabetes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.1079725/full |
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