Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Preventing malaria by controlling mosquitoes in their larval stages requires regular sensitive monitoring of vector populations and intervention coverage. The study assessed the effectiveness of operational, community-based larval ha...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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BMC
2009-12-01
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Series: | Malaria Journal |
Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/8/1/311 |
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author | Shoo Bryson Govella Nicodem J Chaki Prosper P Hemed Abdullah Tanner Marcel Fillinger Ulrike Killeen Gerry F |
author_facet | Shoo Bryson Govella Nicodem J Chaki Prosper P Hemed Abdullah Tanner Marcel Fillinger Ulrike Killeen Gerry F |
author_sort | Shoo Bryson |
collection | DOAJ |
description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Preventing malaria by controlling mosquitoes in their larval stages requires regular sensitive monitoring of vector populations and intervention coverage. The study assessed the effectiveness of operational, community-based larval habitat surveillance systems within the Urban Malaria Control Programme (UMCP) in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional surveys were carried out to assess the ability of community-owned resource persons (CORPs) to detect mosquito breeding sites and larvae in areas with and without larviciding. Potential environmental and programmatic determinants of habitat detection coverage and detection sensitivity of mosquito larvae were recorded during guided walks with 64 different CORPs to assess the accuracy of data each had collected the previous day.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CORPs reported the presence of 66.2% of all aquatic habitats (1,963/2,965), but only detected <it>Anopheles </it>larvae in 12.6% (29/230) of habitats that contained them. Detection sensitivity was particularly low for late-stage <it>Anopheles </it>(2.7%, 3/111), the most direct programmatic indicator of malaria vector productivity. Whether a CORP found a wet habitat or not was associated with his/her unfamiliarity with the area (Odds Ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.16 [0.130, 0.203], P < 0.001), the habitat type (P < 0.001) or a fence around the compound (OR [95%CI] = 0.50 [0.386, 0.646], P < 0.001). The majority of mosquito larvae (Anophelines 57.8% (133/230) and Culicines 55.9% (461/825) were not reported because their habitats were not found. The only factor affecting detection of Anopheline larvae in habitats that were reported by CORPs was larviciding, which reduced sensitivity (OR [95%CI] = 0.37 [0.142, 0.965], P = 0.042).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Accessibility of habitats in urban settings presents a major challenge because the majority of compounds are fenced for security reasons. Furthermore, CORPs under-reported larvae especially where larvicides were applied. This UMCP system for larval surveillance in cities must be urgently revised to improve access to enclosed compounds and the sensitivity with which habitats are searched for larvae.</p> |
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issn | 1475-2875 |
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spelling | doaj.art-bacd58175b2046ef9392582d175bb74d2022-12-22T03:17:27ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752009-12-018131110.1186/1475-2875-8-311Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaShoo BrysonGovella Nicodem JChaki Prosper PHemed AbdullahTanner MarcelFillinger UlrikeKilleen Gerry F<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Preventing malaria by controlling mosquitoes in their larval stages requires regular sensitive monitoring of vector populations and intervention coverage. The study assessed the effectiveness of operational, community-based larval habitat surveillance systems within the Urban Malaria Control Programme (UMCP) in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional surveys were carried out to assess the ability of community-owned resource persons (CORPs) to detect mosquito breeding sites and larvae in areas with and without larviciding. Potential environmental and programmatic determinants of habitat detection coverage and detection sensitivity of mosquito larvae were recorded during guided walks with 64 different CORPs to assess the accuracy of data each had collected the previous day.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CORPs reported the presence of 66.2% of all aquatic habitats (1,963/2,965), but only detected <it>Anopheles </it>larvae in 12.6% (29/230) of habitats that contained them. Detection sensitivity was particularly low for late-stage <it>Anopheles </it>(2.7%, 3/111), the most direct programmatic indicator of malaria vector productivity. Whether a CORP found a wet habitat or not was associated with his/her unfamiliarity with the area (Odds Ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.16 [0.130, 0.203], P < 0.001), the habitat type (P < 0.001) or a fence around the compound (OR [95%CI] = 0.50 [0.386, 0.646], P < 0.001). The majority of mosquito larvae (Anophelines 57.8% (133/230) and Culicines 55.9% (461/825) were not reported because their habitats were not found. The only factor affecting detection of Anopheline larvae in habitats that were reported by CORPs was larviciding, which reduced sensitivity (OR [95%CI] = 0.37 [0.142, 0.965], P = 0.042).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Accessibility of habitats in urban settings presents a major challenge because the majority of compounds are fenced for security reasons. Furthermore, CORPs under-reported larvae especially where larvicides were applied. This UMCP system for larval surveillance in cities must be urgently revised to improve access to enclosed compounds and the sensitivity with which habitats are searched for larvae.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/8/1/311 |
spellingShingle | Shoo Bryson Govella Nicodem J Chaki Prosper P Hemed Abdullah Tanner Marcel Fillinger Ulrike Killeen Gerry F Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Malaria Journal |
title | Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_full | Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_fullStr | Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_full_unstemmed | Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_short | Achieving high coverage of larval-stage mosquito surveillance: challenges for a community-based mosquito control programme in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_sort | achieving high coverage of larval stage mosquito surveillance challenges for a community based mosquito control programme in urban dar es salaam tanzania |
url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/8/1/311 |
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