The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Abstract The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host rec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-06-01
|
| Series: | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0 |
| _version_ | 1797811431973847040 |
|---|---|
| author | Zahra Salehi Bibi Fatemeh Nobakht Motlagh Ghoochani Yazdan Hasani Nourian Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi Mostafa Ghanei |
| author_facet | Zahra Salehi Bibi Fatemeh Nobakht Motlagh Ghoochani Yazdan Hasani Nourian Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi Mostafa Ghanei |
| author_sort | Zahra Salehi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:23:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bad252cf24514749af7586a55cd076f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1710-1492 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:23:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bad252cf24514749af7586a55cd076f12023-06-04T11:31:32ZengBMCAllergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology1710-14922023-06-0119112910.1186/s13223-023-00797-0The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infectionZahra Salehi0Bibi Fatemeh Nobakht Motlagh Ghoochani1Yazdan Hasani Nourian2Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi3Mostafa Ghanei4Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesAbstract The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0Coronavirus diseaseNicotineSmokeInflammatory diseases |
| spellingShingle | Zahra Salehi Bibi Fatemeh Nobakht Motlagh Ghoochani Yazdan Hasani Nourian Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi Mostafa Ghanei The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology Coronavirus disease Nicotine Smoke Inflammatory diseases |
| title | The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_full | The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_fullStr | The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_short | The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_sort | controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in sars cov 2 infection |
| topic | Coronavirus disease Nicotine Smoke Inflammatory diseases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zahrasalehi thecontroversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT bibifatemehnobakhtmotlaghghoochani thecontroversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT yazdanhasaninourian thecontroversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT sadeghazimzadehjamalkandi thecontroversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT mostafaghanei thecontroversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT zahrasalehi controversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT bibifatemehnobakhtmotlaghghoochani controversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT yazdanhasaninourian controversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT sadeghazimzadehjamalkandi controversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection AT mostafaghanei controversialeffectofsmokingandnicotineinsarscov2infection |