A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin
Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies, characterized by progressive loss of neurons. These diseases involve an intricate pattern of cross-talk between different types of cells to maintain specific signaling pathways. A component of such intercellular cross-talk is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Translational Neurodegeneration |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-022-00301-5 |
| _version_ | 1818202173066969088 |
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| author | Neelam Younas Leticia Camila Fernandez Flores Franziska Hopfner Günter U. Höglinger Inga Zerr |
| author_facet | Neelam Younas Leticia Camila Fernandez Flores Franziska Hopfner Günter U. Höglinger Inga Zerr |
| author_sort | Neelam Younas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies, characterized by progressive loss of neurons. These diseases involve an intricate pattern of cross-talk between different types of cells to maintain specific signaling pathways. A component of such intercellular cross-talk is the exchange of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a subset of EVs, which are increasingly being known for the role they play in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The ability of the central nervous system exosomes to cross the blood–brain barrier into blood has generated enthusiasm in their study as potential biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized, efficient, and ultra-sensitive methods for the isolation and detection of brain-derived exosomes has hampered the development of effective biomarkers. Exosomes mirror heterogeneous biological changes that occur during the progression of these incurable illnesses, potentially offering a more comprehensive outlook of neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, progression and treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the challenges and opportunities of peripheral biofluid-based brain-exosomes in the diagnosis and biomarker discovery of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the later part, we discuss the traditional and emerging methods used for the isolation of exosomes and compare their advantages and disadvantages in clinical settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:05:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bad47b03a2014dfc9f810abed4f17063 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:05:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Neurodegeneration |
| spelling | doaj.art-bad47b03a2014dfc9f810abed4f170632022-12-22T00:40:32ZengBMCTranslational Neurodegeneration2047-91582022-05-0111111510.1186/s40035-022-00301-5A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain originNeelam Younas0Leticia Camila Fernandez Flores1Franziska Hopfner2Günter U. Höglinger3Inga Zerr4Prion Research Group, Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for Surveillance of TSE, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen: Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyPrion Research Group, Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for Surveillance of TSE, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen: Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyHannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule HannoverHannover Medical School, Medizinische Hochschule HannoverPrion Research Group, Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for Surveillance of TSE, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen: Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August University, Göttingen, GermanyAbstract Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of maladies, characterized by progressive loss of neurons. These diseases involve an intricate pattern of cross-talk between different types of cells to maintain specific signaling pathways. A component of such intercellular cross-talk is the exchange of various types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a subset of EVs, which are increasingly being known for the role they play in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, e.g., synucleinopathies and tauopathies. The ability of the central nervous system exosomes to cross the blood–brain barrier into blood has generated enthusiasm in their study as potential biomarkers. However, the lack of standardized, efficient, and ultra-sensitive methods for the isolation and detection of brain-derived exosomes has hampered the development of effective biomarkers. Exosomes mirror heterogeneous biological changes that occur during the progression of these incurable illnesses, potentially offering a more comprehensive outlook of neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, progression and treatment. In this review, we aim to discuss the challenges and opportunities of peripheral biofluid-based brain-exosomes in the diagnosis and biomarker discovery of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In the later part, we discuss the traditional and emerging methods used for the isolation of exosomes and compare their advantages and disadvantages in clinical settings.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-022-00301-5Alzheimer’s diseaseCentral nervous systemDiagnosisExosomesBlood–brain barrierParkinson’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Neelam Younas Leticia Camila Fernandez Flores Franziska Hopfner Günter U. Höglinger Inga Zerr A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin Translational Neurodegeneration Alzheimer’s disease Central nervous system Diagnosis Exosomes Blood–brain barrier Parkinson’s disease |
| title | A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin |
| title_full | A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin |
| title_fullStr | A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin |
| title_full_unstemmed | A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin |
| title_short | A new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: peripheral exosomes of brain origin |
| title_sort | new paradigm for diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases peripheral exosomes of brain origin |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease Central nervous system Diagnosis Exosomes Blood–brain barrier Parkinson’s disease |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-022-00301-5 |
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