Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures
<p>Ice particles play an important role in precipitation formation and radiation balance. Therefore, an accurate description of ice initiation in the atmosphere is of great importance for weather prediction models and climate simulations. Despite the abundance of ice crystals in the atmosphere...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/13103/2022/acp-22-13103-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811342731774001152 |
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| author | A. Korolev P. J. DeMott I. Heckman M. Wolde E. Williams D. J. Smalley M. F. Donovan |
| author_facet | A. Korolev P. J. DeMott I. Heckman M. Wolde E. Williams D. J. Smalley M. F. Donovan |
| author_sort | A. Korolev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Ice particles play an important role in precipitation formation and
radiation balance. Therefore, an accurate description of ice initiation in
the atmosphere is of great importance for weather prediction models and
climate simulations. Despite the abundance of ice crystals in the
atmosphere, the mechanisms for their formation remain not well understood.
There are two major sets of mechanisms of ice initiation in the atmosphere:
primary nucleation and secondary ice production. Secondary ice production
occurs in the presence of preexisting ice, which results in an enhancement
of the concentration of ice particles. Until recently, secondary ice
production was mainly attributed to the rime-splintering mechanism, known as
the Hallett–Mossop process, which is active in a relatively narrow
temperature range from <span class="inline-formula">−3</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−8</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C. The existence of
the Hallett–Mossop process was well supported by in situ observations. The
present study provides an explicit in situ observation of secondary ice
production at temperatures as low as <span class="inline-formula">−27</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, which is well outside
the range of the Hallett–Mossop process. This observation expands our
knowledge of the temperature range of initiation of secondary ice in clouds.
The obtained results are intended to stimulate laboratory and theoretical
studies to develop physically based parameterizations for weather prediction
and climate models.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:15:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bad4970dfad641bd89daf21449deff26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:15:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-bad4970dfad641bd89daf21449deff262022-12-22T02:33:41ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242022-10-0122131031311310.5194/acp-22-13103-2022Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperaturesA. Korolev0P. J. DeMott1I. Heckman2M. Wolde3E. Williams4D. J. Smalley5M. F. Donovan6Meteorological Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USAMeteorological Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, CanadaAerospace Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USALincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USALincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA<p>Ice particles play an important role in precipitation formation and radiation balance. Therefore, an accurate description of ice initiation in the atmosphere is of great importance for weather prediction models and climate simulations. Despite the abundance of ice crystals in the atmosphere, the mechanisms for their formation remain not well understood. There are two major sets of mechanisms of ice initiation in the atmosphere: primary nucleation and secondary ice production. Secondary ice production occurs in the presence of preexisting ice, which results in an enhancement of the concentration of ice particles. Until recently, secondary ice production was mainly attributed to the rime-splintering mechanism, known as the Hallett–Mossop process, which is active in a relatively narrow temperature range from <span class="inline-formula">−3</span> to <span class="inline-formula">−8</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C. The existence of the Hallett–Mossop process was well supported by in situ observations. The present study provides an explicit in situ observation of secondary ice production at temperatures as low as <span class="inline-formula">−27</span> <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, which is well outside the range of the Hallett–Mossop process. This observation expands our knowledge of the temperature range of initiation of secondary ice in clouds. The obtained results are intended to stimulate laboratory and theoretical studies to develop physically based parameterizations for weather prediction and climate models.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/13103/2022/acp-22-13103-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. Korolev P. J. DeMott I. Heckman M. Wolde E. Williams D. J. Smalley M. F. Donovan Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures |
| title_full | Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures |
| title_short | Observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures |
| title_sort | observation of secondary ice production in clouds at low temperatures |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/13103/2022/acp-22-13103-2022.pdf |
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