Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental Study
An experimental investigation into the flow produced by mound-bearing impact craters is reported herein. Both an idealized crater and a scaled model of a real martian crater are examined. Measurements were performed using high-resolution planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a refractive-index...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Fluids |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/6/216 |
| _version_ | 1827690161539907584 |
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| author | Diego Gundersen Gianluca Blois Kenneth T. Christensen |
| author_facet | Diego Gundersen Gianluca Blois Kenneth T. Christensen |
| author_sort | Diego Gundersen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An experimental investigation into the flow produced by mound-bearing impact craters is reported herein. Both an idealized crater and a scaled model of a real martian crater are examined. Measurements were performed using high-resolution planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a refractive-index matching (RIM) flow environment. Rendering the crater models optically invisible with this RIM approach provided unimpeded access to the flow around and within each crater model. Results showed that the mean flow within the idealized crater exhibits more structural complexity compared to its moundless counterpart. Second-order statistics highlighted regions of minimal and elevated turbulent stresses, the latter of which revealed a complex interaction between shear layers that are present at the upstream and downstream parts of the rim and the central mound. Periodic vortex shedding of quasi-spanwise vortices from the upstream rim was revealed by POD-filtered instantaneous flow fields. Vertical flapping of this shear layer resulted in vortices occasionally impinging on the inner wall of the downstream rim. Further, conditional averaging analysis suggested periodic lateral oscillations of wall-normal vortices within the crater rim region reminiscent of those observed for flow inside spherical dimples. These results have implications for intra- to extra-crater mass and momentum exchange, and for sediment transport processes. Lastly, experiments with the Gale Crater model showed both similarities with and differences from the primary flow features found for the idealized model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:34:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bae149e19cf942feb117fd38ce31a786 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5521 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:34:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fluids |
| spelling | doaj.art-bae149e19cf942feb117fd38ce31a7862023-11-21T23:26:43ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212021-06-016621610.3390/fluids6060216Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental StudyDiego Gundersen0Gianluca Blois1Kenneth T. Christensen2Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USADepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USADepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USAAn experimental investigation into the flow produced by mound-bearing impact craters is reported herein. Both an idealized crater and a scaled model of a real martian crater are examined. Measurements were performed using high-resolution planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a refractive-index matching (RIM) flow environment. Rendering the crater models optically invisible with this RIM approach provided unimpeded access to the flow around and within each crater model. Results showed that the mean flow within the idealized crater exhibits more structural complexity compared to its moundless counterpart. Second-order statistics highlighted regions of minimal and elevated turbulent stresses, the latter of which revealed a complex interaction between shear layers that are present at the upstream and downstream parts of the rim and the central mound. Periodic vortex shedding of quasi-spanwise vortices from the upstream rim was revealed by POD-filtered instantaneous flow fields. Vertical flapping of this shear layer resulted in vortices occasionally impinging on the inner wall of the downstream rim. Further, conditional averaging analysis suggested periodic lateral oscillations of wall-normal vortices within the crater rim region reminiscent of those observed for flow inside spherical dimples. These results have implications for intra- to extra-crater mass and momentum exchange, and for sediment transport processes. Lastly, experiments with the Gale Crater model showed both similarities with and differences from the primary flow features found for the idealized model.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/6/216impact craterindex matchingcomplex topography |
| spellingShingle | Diego Gundersen Gianluca Blois Kenneth T. Christensen Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental Study Fluids impact crater index matching complex topography |
| title | Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental Study |
| title_full | Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental Study |
| title_fullStr | Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental Study |
| title_short | Flow Past Mound-Bearing Impact Craters: An Experimental Study |
| title_sort | flow past mound bearing impact craters an experimental study |
| topic | impact crater index matching complex topography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/6/6/216 |
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