Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Abstract Background Despite the clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies being one of the common causes of admission in pediatric urology, yet little is known about its associated factors, especially in third world countries. Understanding associated factors of clinically apparent congenital...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-02-01
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| Series: | African Journal of Urology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12301-023-00343-9 |
| _version_ | 1797864374113665024 |
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| author | Joshua Jackson Kahuruta Sydney Yongolo Njiku Kimu Muhsin Aboud |
| author_facet | Joshua Jackson Kahuruta Sydney Yongolo Njiku Kimu Muhsin Aboud |
| author_sort | Joshua Jackson Kahuruta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Despite the clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies being one of the common causes of admission in pediatric urology, yet little is known about its associated factors, especially in third world countries. Understanding associated factors of clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies is important in prevention and in genetic counseling that may help in reducing the incidence of their occurrence. Methods Hospital-based cross-sectional prospective study conducted among pediatric patients admitted to pediatric surgery unit at Muhimbili National Hospital from July 2021 to March 2022. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from participant’s parent or guardian. Patients were examined thoroughly for clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies and associated genital-urinary tract anomalies. Analysis was done using SPPS version 23 with descriptive statistics for categorical variables and univariate and multivariate logistic regression for association between presence of clinically apparent urethra anomaly and associated factors at 95% CI. A p-value of < 5 was considered statistically significant. Results Overall proportion of clinically apparent urethra anomaly was 24.4% (94 out of 386) with hypospadias being the commonest anomaly (23.6%); others were epispadias in 2 patients (0.5%) and bladder exstrophy in one patient (0.3%). Among hypospadias cases, sub-coronal (37.4%) and mid-shaft (29.6%) were the most prevalent. About 9.6% had associated anomalies cryptorchidism being the commonest in 8 (8.5%) patients. There was no any factor that was independently associated with development of clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies. However, folic acid supplementation, maternal hypertension, environmental exposure to pesticides and familial history of congenital urethra anomalies were related to higher proportion of the anomalies despite no any significant relationship detected. Conclusion Hypospadias is the commonest clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies with cryptorchidism being the most prevalent associated genital-urinary tract anomaly. No associated factor has shown significant relationship with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies; however, attention is called to maternal hypertension, environmental exposure, especially pesticides and familial history of congenital urethra anomalies for detailed study. Proper examination of newborns is encouraged for early detection of such anomalies and hence planning for early intervention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:50:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bae87847409f4f8199ef211d0ba52746 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1961-9987 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:50:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | African Journal of Urology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bae87847409f4f8199ef211d0ba527462023-03-22T11:39:41ZengSpringerOpenAfrican Journal of Urology1961-99872023-02-012911810.1186/s12301-023-00343-9Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, TanzaniaJoshua Jackson Kahuruta0Sydney Yongolo1Njiku Kimu2Muhsin Aboud3Muhimbili University of Heath and Allied SciencesMuhimbili University of Heath and Allied SciencesMuhimbili National HospitalMuhimbili University of Heath and Allied SciencesAbstract Background Despite the clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies being one of the common causes of admission in pediatric urology, yet little is known about its associated factors, especially in third world countries. Understanding associated factors of clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies is important in prevention and in genetic counseling that may help in reducing the incidence of their occurrence. Methods Hospital-based cross-sectional prospective study conducted among pediatric patients admitted to pediatric surgery unit at Muhimbili National Hospital from July 2021 to March 2022. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from participant’s parent or guardian. Patients were examined thoroughly for clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies and associated genital-urinary tract anomalies. Analysis was done using SPPS version 23 with descriptive statistics for categorical variables and univariate and multivariate logistic regression for association between presence of clinically apparent urethra anomaly and associated factors at 95% CI. A p-value of < 5 was considered statistically significant. Results Overall proportion of clinically apparent urethra anomaly was 24.4% (94 out of 386) with hypospadias being the commonest anomaly (23.6%); others were epispadias in 2 patients (0.5%) and bladder exstrophy in one patient (0.3%). Among hypospadias cases, sub-coronal (37.4%) and mid-shaft (29.6%) were the most prevalent. About 9.6% had associated anomalies cryptorchidism being the commonest in 8 (8.5%) patients. There was no any factor that was independently associated with development of clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies. However, folic acid supplementation, maternal hypertension, environmental exposure to pesticides and familial history of congenital urethra anomalies were related to higher proportion of the anomalies despite no any significant relationship detected. Conclusion Hypospadias is the commonest clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies with cryptorchidism being the most prevalent associated genital-urinary tract anomaly. No associated factor has shown significant relationship with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies; however, attention is called to maternal hypertension, environmental exposure, especially pesticides and familial history of congenital urethra anomalies for detailed study. Proper examination of newborns is encouraged for early detection of such anomalies and hence planning for early intervention.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12301-023-00343-9Clinically apparent congenital urethra anomaliesHypospadiasCryptorchidismAssociated factors |
| spellingShingle | Joshua Jackson Kahuruta Sydney Yongolo Njiku Kimu Muhsin Aboud Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania African Journal of Urology Clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies Hypospadias Cryptorchidism Associated factors |
| title | Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_full | Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_short | Factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_sort | factors associated with clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies among pediatric patients attending muhimbili national hospital dar es salaam tanzania |
| topic | Clinically apparent congenital urethra anomalies Hypospadias Cryptorchidism Associated factors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12301-023-00343-9 |
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