Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
Background: Although major external structural birth defects continue to occur globally, the greatest burden is shouldered by resource-constrained countries with no surveillance systems. To our knowledge, many studies have been published on risk factors for major external structural birth defects, h...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2021-04-01
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| Series: | F1000Research |
| Online Access: | https://f1000research.com/articles/10-59/v2 |
| _version_ | 1819048944136617984 |
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| author | George N. Agot Marshal M. Mweu Joseph K. Wang'ombe |
| author_facet | George N. Agot Marshal M. Mweu Joseph K. Wang'ombe |
| author_sort | George N. Agot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Although major external structural birth defects continue to occur globally, the greatest burden is shouldered by resource-constrained countries with no surveillance systems. To our knowledge, many studies have been published on risk factors for major external structural birth defects, however, limited studies have been published in developing countries. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was used to identify the risk factors for major external structural birth defects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information retrospectively on maternal exposure to environmental teratogens, multifactorial inheritance, and sociodemographic-environmental factors during the study participants' last pregnancies. Descriptive analyses (means, standard deviations, medians, and ranges) were used to summarize continuous variables, whereas categorical variables were summarized as proportions and percentages in frequency tables. Afterward, logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of the predictors on the odds of major external structural birth defects in the country. Results: Women who conceived when residing in Ruiru sub-county (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.28; 95% CI: 1.68-16.58; P<0.01), and Thika sub-county (aOR: 0.27; 95% CI; 0.076-0.95; P =0.04); and preceding siblings with history of birth defects (aOR: 7.65; 95% CI; 1.46-40.01; P =0.02) were identified as the significant predictors of major external structural birth defects in the county. Conclusions: These findings pointed to MESBDs of genetic, multifactorial inheritance, and sociodemographic-environmental etiology. Thus, we recommend regional defect-specific surveillance programs, public health preventive measures, and treatment strategies to understand the epidemiology and economic burden of these defects in Kenya. We specifically recommend the integration of clinical genetic services with routine reproductive health services because of potential maternal genetic predisposition in the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:24:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bae89d219cc84814a5f5cd94804831d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:24:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | F1000Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-bae89d219cc84814a5f5cd94804831d22022-12-21T19:05:42ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022021-04-011010.12688/f1000research.50738.256198Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]George N. Agot0Marshal M. Mweu1Joseph K. Wang'ombe2School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, KenyaBackground: Although major external structural birth defects continue to occur globally, the greatest burden is shouldered by resource-constrained countries with no surveillance systems. To our knowledge, many studies have been published on risk factors for major external structural birth defects, however, limited studies have been published in developing countries. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was used to identify the risk factors for major external structural birth defects. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information retrospectively on maternal exposure to environmental teratogens, multifactorial inheritance, and sociodemographic-environmental factors during the study participants' last pregnancies. Descriptive analyses (means, standard deviations, medians, and ranges) were used to summarize continuous variables, whereas categorical variables were summarized as proportions and percentages in frequency tables. Afterward, logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of the predictors on the odds of major external structural birth defects in the country. Results: Women who conceived when residing in Ruiru sub-county (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.28; 95% CI: 1.68-16.58; P<0.01), and Thika sub-county (aOR: 0.27; 95% CI; 0.076-0.95; P =0.04); and preceding siblings with history of birth defects (aOR: 7.65; 95% CI; 1.46-40.01; P =0.02) were identified as the significant predictors of major external structural birth defects in the county. Conclusions: These findings pointed to MESBDs of genetic, multifactorial inheritance, and sociodemographic-environmental etiology. Thus, we recommend regional defect-specific surveillance programs, public health preventive measures, and treatment strategies to understand the epidemiology and economic burden of these defects in Kenya. We specifically recommend the integration of clinical genetic services with routine reproductive health services because of potential maternal genetic predisposition in the region.https://f1000research.com/articles/10-59/v2 |
| spellingShingle | George N. Agot Marshal M. Mweu Joseph K. Wang'ombe Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] F1000Research |
| title | Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full | Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_short | Risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in Kiambu County, Kenya: a case-control study [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_sort | risk factors for major external structural birth defects among children in kiambu county kenya a case control study version 2 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/10-59/v2 |
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