Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era
Despite significant healthcare advances in the 21st century, the exact etiology of dental caries remains unsolved. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in our understanding of dental caries amid the advent of revolutionary omics technologies. Accordingly, a consensus has been reac...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907/full |
| _version_ | 1811245281212104704 |
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| author | Dina G. Moussa Paras Ahmad Tamer A. Mansour Tamer A. Mansour Walter L. Siqueira |
| author_facet | Dina G. Moussa Paras Ahmad Tamer A. Mansour Tamer A. Mansour Walter L. Siqueira |
| author_sort | Dina G. Moussa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite significant healthcare advances in the 21st century, the exact etiology of dental caries remains unsolved. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in our understanding of dental caries amid the advent of revolutionary omics technologies. Accordingly, a consensus has been reached that dental caries is a community-scale metabolic disorder, and its etiology is beyond a single causative organism. This conclusion was based on a variety of microbiome studies following the flow of information along the central dogma of biology from genomic data to the end products of metabolism. These studies were facilitated by the unprecedented growth of the next- generation sequencing tools and omics techniques, such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, to estimate the community composition of oral microbiome and its functional potential. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving proteomics and metabolomics platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography, have enabled precise quantification of the translational outcomes. Although the majority supports ‘conserved functional changes’ as indicators of dysbiosis, it remains unclear how caries dynamics impact the microbiota functions and vice versa, over the course of disease onset and progression. What compounds the situation is the host-microbiota crosstalk. Genome-wide association studies have been undertaken to elucidate the interaction of host genetic variation with the microbiome. However, these studies are challenged by the complex interaction of host genetics and environmental factors. All these complementary approaches need to be orchestrated to capture the key players in this multifactorial disease. Herein, we critically review the milestones in caries research focusing on the state-of-art singular and integrative omics studies, supplemented with a bibliographic network analysis to address the oral microbiome, the host factors, and their interactions. Additionally, we highlight gaps in the dental literature and shed light on critical future research questions and study designs that could unravel the complexities of dental caries, the most globally widespread disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T14:38:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-baf48d408bee46a4b1c796eee9c50493 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T14:38:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-baf48d408bee46a4b1c796eee9c504932022-12-22T03:29:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882022-06-011210.3389/fcimb.2022.887907887907Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics EraDina G. Moussa0Paras Ahmad1Tamer A. Mansour2Tamer A. Mansour3Walter L. Siqueira4College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaCollege of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDepartment of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCollege of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaDespite significant healthcare advances in the 21st century, the exact etiology of dental caries remains unsolved. The past two decades have witnessed a tremendous growth in our understanding of dental caries amid the advent of revolutionary omics technologies. Accordingly, a consensus has been reached that dental caries is a community-scale metabolic disorder, and its etiology is beyond a single causative organism. This conclusion was based on a variety of microbiome studies following the flow of information along the central dogma of biology from genomic data to the end products of metabolism. These studies were facilitated by the unprecedented growth of the next- generation sequencing tools and omics techniques, such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, to estimate the community composition of oral microbiome and its functional potential. Furthermore, the rapidly evolving proteomics and metabolomics platforms, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and/or mass spectrometry coupled with chromatography, have enabled precise quantification of the translational outcomes. Although the majority supports ‘conserved functional changes’ as indicators of dysbiosis, it remains unclear how caries dynamics impact the microbiota functions and vice versa, over the course of disease onset and progression. What compounds the situation is the host-microbiota crosstalk. Genome-wide association studies have been undertaken to elucidate the interaction of host genetic variation with the microbiome. However, these studies are challenged by the complex interaction of host genetics and environmental factors. All these complementary approaches need to be orchestrated to capture the key players in this multifactorial disease. Herein, we critically review the milestones in caries research focusing on the state-of-art singular and integrative omics studies, supplemented with a bibliographic network analysis to address the oral microbiome, the host factors, and their interactions. Additionally, we highlight gaps in the dental literature and shed light on critical future research questions and study designs that could unravel the complexities of dental caries, the most globally widespread disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907/fulldental cariesmetagenomicsmetatranscriptomicsmetaproteomicsmetabolomicshost-microbiome interactions |
| spellingShingle | Dina G. Moussa Paras Ahmad Tamer A. Mansour Tamer A. Mansour Walter L. Siqueira Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology dental caries metagenomics metatranscriptomics metaproteomics metabolomics host-microbiome interactions |
| title | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
| title_full | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
| title_fullStr | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
| title_short | Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era |
| title_sort | current state and challenges of the global outcomes of dental caries research in the meta omics era |
| topic | dental caries metagenomics metatranscriptomics metaproteomics metabolomics host-microbiome interactions |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907/full |
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