A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations.
<h4>Rationale</h4>Conversion practices (CPs) refer to organized attempts to deter people from adopting or expressing non-heterosexual identities or gender identities that differ from their gender/sex assigned at birth. Numerous jurisdictions have contemplated or enacted legislative CP ba...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291768 |
| _version_ | 1827798984806105088 |
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| author | Travis Salway David J Kinitz Hannah Kia Florence Ashley Dean Giustini Amrit Tiwana Reilla Archibald Amirali Mallakzadeh Elisabeth Dromer Olivier Ferlatte Trevor Goodyear Alex Abramovich |
| author_facet | Travis Salway David J Kinitz Hannah Kia Florence Ashley Dean Giustini Amrit Tiwana Reilla Archibald Amirali Mallakzadeh Elisabeth Dromer Olivier Ferlatte Trevor Goodyear Alex Abramovich |
| author_sort | Travis Salway |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Rationale</h4>Conversion practices (CPs) refer to organized attempts to deter people from adopting or expressing non-heterosexual identities or gender identities that differ from their gender/sex assigned at birth. Numerous jurisdictions have contemplated or enacted legislative CP bans in recent years. Syntheses of CP prevalence are needed to inform further public health policy and action.<h4>Objectives</h4>To conduct a systematic review describing CP prevalence estimates internationally and exploring heterogeneity across country and socially relevant subgroups.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed literature searches in eight databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Social Work Abstracts, CINAHL, Web of Science, LGBTQ+ Source, and Proquest Dissertations) and included studies from all jurisdictions, globally, conducted after 2000 with a sampling frame of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, as well as studies of practitioners seeing SGM patients. We used the Hoy et al. risk of bias tool for prevalence studies and summarized distribution of estimates using median and range.<h4>Results</h4>We identified fourteen articles that reported prevalence estimates among SGM populations, and two articles that reported prevalence estimates from studies of mental health practitioners. Prevalence estimates among SGM samples ranged 2%-34% (median: 8.5). Prevalence estimates were greater in studies conducted in the US (median: 13%), compared to Canada (median: 7%), and greater among transgender (median: 12%), compared to cisgender (median: 4%) subsamples. Prevalence estimates were greatest among people assigned male at birth, whether transgender (median: 10%) or cisgender (median: 8%), as compared to people assigned female at birth (medians: 5% among transgender participants, 3% among cisgender participants). Further differences were observed by race (medians: 8% among Indigenous and other racial minorities, 5% among white groups) but not by sexual orientation.<h4>Conclusions</h4>CPs remain prevalent, despite denouncements from professional bodies. Social inequities in CP prevalence signal the need for targeted efforts to protect transgender, Indigenous and racial minority, and assigned-male-at-birth subgroups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:43:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-baf789a550434084b591b38098ae4cae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:43:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-baf789a550434084b591b38098ae4cae2023-10-06T05:32:24ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-011810e029176810.1371/journal.pone.0291768A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations.Travis SalwayDavid J KinitzHannah KiaFlorence AshleyDean GiustiniAmrit TiwanaReilla ArchibaldAmirali MallakzadehElisabeth DromerOlivier FerlatteTrevor GoodyearAlex Abramovich<h4>Rationale</h4>Conversion practices (CPs) refer to organized attempts to deter people from adopting or expressing non-heterosexual identities or gender identities that differ from their gender/sex assigned at birth. Numerous jurisdictions have contemplated or enacted legislative CP bans in recent years. Syntheses of CP prevalence are needed to inform further public health policy and action.<h4>Objectives</h4>To conduct a systematic review describing CP prevalence estimates internationally and exploring heterogeneity across country and socially relevant subgroups.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed literature searches in eight databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Social Work Abstracts, CINAHL, Web of Science, LGBTQ+ Source, and Proquest Dissertations) and included studies from all jurisdictions, globally, conducted after 2000 with a sampling frame of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people, as well as studies of practitioners seeing SGM patients. We used the Hoy et al. risk of bias tool for prevalence studies and summarized distribution of estimates using median and range.<h4>Results</h4>We identified fourteen articles that reported prevalence estimates among SGM populations, and two articles that reported prevalence estimates from studies of mental health practitioners. Prevalence estimates among SGM samples ranged 2%-34% (median: 8.5). Prevalence estimates were greater in studies conducted in the US (median: 13%), compared to Canada (median: 7%), and greater among transgender (median: 12%), compared to cisgender (median: 4%) subsamples. Prevalence estimates were greatest among people assigned male at birth, whether transgender (median: 10%) or cisgender (median: 8%), as compared to people assigned female at birth (medians: 5% among transgender participants, 3% among cisgender participants). Further differences were observed by race (medians: 8% among Indigenous and other racial minorities, 5% among white groups) but not by sexual orientation.<h4>Conclusions</h4>CPs remain prevalent, despite denouncements from professional bodies. Social inequities in CP prevalence signal the need for targeted efforts to protect transgender, Indigenous and racial minority, and assigned-male-at-birth subgroups.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291768 |
| spellingShingle | Travis Salway David J Kinitz Hannah Kia Florence Ashley Dean Giustini Amrit Tiwana Reilla Archibald Amirali Mallakzadeh Elisabeth Dromer Olivier Ferlatte Trevor Goodyear Alex Abramovich A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations. PLoS ONE |
| title | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations. |
| title_full | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations. |
| title_fullStr | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations. |
| title_full_unstemmed | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations. |
| title_short | A systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with 'conversion' practices among sexual and gender minority populations. |
| title_sort | systematic review of the prevalence of lifetime experience with conversion practices among sexual and gender minority populations |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291768 |
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