Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) Ions
This study presents a new methodology for graphene oxide (GO) synthesis through electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, followed by phthalic anhydride functionalization (PhA-GO) and doping with Cu<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inlin...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7019 |
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| author | Nelson Gustavo Alves Pereira Maria Elena Leyva Gonzaléz Alvaro Antonio Alencar de Queiroz Adhimar Flávio Oliveira Estácio Tavares Wanderley Neto |
| author_facet | Nelson Gustavo Alves Pereira Maria Elena Leyva Gonzaléz Alvaro Antonio Alencar de Queiroz Adhimar Flávio Oliveira Estácio Tavares Wanderley Neto |
| author_sort | Nelson Gustavo Alves Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presents a new methodology for graphene oxide (GO) synthesis through electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, followed by phthalic anhydride functionalization (PhA-GO) and doping with Cu<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and Ag<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> ions. The synthesis of GO involved the use of an electrochemical cell with H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> as the electrolyte, with a gradual increase in potential from 2.3 V to 10 V. Extensive characterization techniques confirmed the successful incorporation of oxygen-containing functional groups, verifying the oxidation of graphite. PhA-GO functionalization was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), which confirmed the presence of Cu<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and Ag<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> ions. The Scherrer equation determined a grain size of 75.85 nm for GO. The electrical properties exhibited semiconductor and semimetal behavior, particularly in PhA-GO/Ag<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> composites, making them suitable for electronic devices over a wide temperature range, presenting a promising pathway for advanced materials in electronic applications. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:17:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-bafa44f52fe14460a2557ed63dc7ccda2023-11-19T16:21:00ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-10-011620701910.3390/en16207019Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) IonsNelson Gustavo Alves Pereira0Maria Elena Leyva Gonzaléz1Alvaro Antonio Alencar de Queiroz2Adhimar Flávio Oliveira3Estácio Tavares Wanderley Neto4Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajubá 37500-903, BrazilInstituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajubá 37500-903, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira, São Paulo 05508-000, BrazilInstituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajubá 37500-903, BrazilInstituto de Sistemas Elétricos e Energia, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Av BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajubá 37500-903, BrazilThis study presents a new methodology for graphene oxide (GO) synthesis through electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, followed by phthalic anhydride functionalization (PhA-GO) and doping with Cu<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and Ag<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> ions. The synthesis of GO involved the use of an electrochemical cell with H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>SO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> as the electrolyte, with a gradual increase in potential from 2.3 V to 10 V. Extensive characterization techniques confirmed the successful incorporation of oxygen-containing functional groups, verifying the oxidation of graphite. PhA-GO functionalization was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), which confirmed the presence of Cu<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and Ag<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> ions. The Scherrer equation determined a grain size of 75.85 nm for GO. The electrical properties exhibited semiconductor and semimetal behavior, particularly in PhA-GO/Ag<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> composites, making them suitable for electronic devices over a wide temperature range, presenting a promising pathway for advanced materials in electronic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7019graphene oxideelectrochemical exfoliationfunctionalizationdopingelectric conductivity |
| spellingShingle | Nelson Gustavo Alves Pereira Maria Elena Leyva Gonzaléz Alvaro Antonio Alencar de Queiroz Adhimar Flávio Oliveira Estácio Tavares Wanderley Neto Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) Ions Energies graphene oxide electrochemical exfoliation functionalization doping electric conductivity |
| title | Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) Ions |
| title_full | Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) Ions |
| title_fullStr | Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) Ions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) Ions |
| title_short | Higher Electrical Conductivity of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Doped with Silver and Copper (II) Ions |
| title_sort | higher electrical conductivity of functionalized graphene oxide doped with silver and copper ii ions |
| topic | graphene oxide electrochemical exfoliation functionalization doping electric conductivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7019 |
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