The Microbiota in Long COVID
Interest in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has progressively decreased lately, mainly due to the great effectivity of vaccines. Furthermore, no new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants able to circumvent the protection of these vaccines, while presenting hig...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1330 |
| _version_ | 1797339769494044672 |
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| author | Carmen Álvarez-Santacruz Sylwia D. Tyrkalska Sergio Candel |
| author_facet | Carmen Álvarez-Santacruz Sylwia D. Tyrkalska Sergio Candel |
| author_sort | Carmen Álvarez-Santacruz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interest in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has progressively decreased lately, mainly due to the great effectivity of vaccines. Furthermore, no new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants able to circumvent the protection of these vaccines, while presenting high transmissibility and/or lethality, have appeared. However, long COVID has emerged as a huge threat to human health and economy globally. The human microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, participating in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, multiple studies have found that the nasopharyngeal microbiota is altered in COVID-19 patients, with these changes associated with the onset and/or severity of the disease. Nevertheless, although dysbiosis has also been reported in long COVID patients, mainly in the gut, little is known about the possible involvement of the microbiota in the development of this disease. Therefore, in this work, we aim to fill this gap in the knowledge by discussing and comparing the most relevant studies that have been published in this field up to this point. Hence, we discuss that the relevance of long COVID has probably been underestimated, and that the available data suggest that the microbiota could be playing a pivotal role on the pathogenesis of the disease. Further research to elucidate the involvement of the microbiota in long COVID will be essential to explore new therapeutic strategies based on manipulation of the microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:52:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bafb38d115e940868a8c7aa2a32769df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:52:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bafb38d115e940868a8c7aa2a32769df2024-01-29T13:59:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-01252133010.3390/ijms25021330The Microbiota in Long COVIDCarmen Álvarez-Santacruz0Sylwia D. Tyrkalska1Sergio Candel2Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital de la Vega Lorenzo Guirao, 30530 Cieza, SpainDepartamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainInterest in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has progressively decreased lately, mainly due to the great effectivity of vaccines. Furthermore, no new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants able to circumvent the protection of these vaccines, while presenting high transmissibility and/or lethality, have appeared. However, long COVID has emerged as a huge threat to human health and economy globally. The human microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, participating in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, multiple studies have found that the nasopharyngeal microbiota is altered in COVID-19 patients, with these changes associated with the onset and/or severity of the disease. Nevertheless, although dysbiosis has also been reported in long COVID patients, mainly in the gut, little is known about the possible involvement of the microbiota in the development of this disease. Therefore, in this work, we aim to fill this gap in the knowledge by discussing and comparing the most relevant studies that have been published in this field up to this point. Hence, we discuss that the relevance of long COVID has probably been underestimated, and that the available data suggest that the microbiota could be playing a pivotal role on the pathogenesis of the disease. Further research to elucidate the involvement of the microbiota in long COVID will be essential to explore new therapeutic strategies based on manipulation of the microbiota.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1330long COVIDSARS-CoV-2COVID-19microbiotadysbiosis |
| spellingShingle | Carmen Álvarez-Santacruz Sylwia D. Tyrkalska Sergio Candel The Microbiota in Long COVID International Journal of Molecular Sciences long COVID SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 microbiota dysbiosis |
| title | The Microbiota in Long COVID |
| title_full | The Microbiota in Long COVID |
| title_fullStr | The Microbiota in Long COVID |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Microbiota in Long COVID |
| title_short | The Microbiota in Long COVID |
| title_sort | microbiota in long covid |
| topic | long COVID SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 microbiota dysbiosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1330 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carmenalvarezsantacruz themicrobiotainlongcovid AT sylwiadtyrkalska themicrobiotainlongcovid AT sergiocandel themicrobiotainlongcovid AT carmenalvarezsantacruz microbiotainlongcovid AT sylwiadtyrkalska microbiotainlongcovid AT sergiocandel microbiotainlongcovid |