Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on Virogenesis
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented RNA virus transmitted by <i>Culicoides</i> midges. Climatic factors, animal movement, vector species, and viral mutation and reassortment may all play a role in the occurrence of BTV outbreaks among susceptible ruminants. We used two enzootic strains...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/6/1016 |
| _version_ | 1797532212818608128 |
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| author | Jennifer Kopanke Justin Lee Mark Stenglein Molly Carpenter Lee W. Cohnstaedt William C. Wilson Christie Mayo |
| author_facet | Jennifer Kopanke Justin Lee Mark Stenglein Molly Carpenter Lee W. Cohnstaedt William C. Wilson Christie Mayo |
| author_sort | Jennifer Kopanke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented RNA virus transmitted by <i>Culicoides</i> midges. Climatic factors, animal movement, vector species, and viral mutation and reassortment may all play a role in the occurrence of BTV outbreaks among susceptible ruminants. We used two enzootic strains of BTV (BTV-2 and BTV-10) to explore the potential for <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>, a key North American vector, to be infected with these viruses, and identify the impact of temperature variations on virogenesis during infection. While BTV-10 replicated readily in <i>C. sonorensis</i> following an infectious blood meal, BTV-2 was less likely to result in productive infection at biologically relevant exposure levels. Moreover, when <i>C. sonorensis</i> were co-exposed to both viruses, we did not detect reassortment between the two viruses, despite previous in vitro findings indicating that BTV-2 and BTV-10 are able to reassort successfully. These results highlight that numerous factors, including vector species and exposure dose, may impact the in vivo replication of varying BTV strains, and underscore the complexities of BTV ecology in North America. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:56:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb07c0b6320d4bbaae11c0d20d45ffa9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:56:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb07c0b6320d4bbaae11c0d20d45ffa92023-11-21T21:51:30ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-05-01136101610.3390/v13061016Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on VirogenesisJennifer Kopanke0Justin Lee1Mark Stenglein2Molly Carpenter3Lee W. Cohnstaedt4William C. Wilson5Christie Mayo6Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAArthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS 66502, USANational Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, 1880 Kimball Ave, Suite 300 CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USABluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented RNA virus transmitted by <i>Culicoides</i> midges. Climatic factors, animal movement, vector species, and viral mutation and reassortment may all play a role in the occurrence of BTV outbreaks among susceptible ruminants. We used two enzootic strains of BTV (BTV-2 and BTV-10) to explore the potential for <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>, a key North American vector, to be infected with these viruses, and identify the impact of temperature variations on virogenesis during infection. While BTV-10 replicated readily in <i>C. sonorensis</i> following an infectious blood meal, BTV-2 was less likely to result in productive infection at biologically relevant exposure levels. Moreover, when <i>C. sonorensis</i> were co-exposed to both viruses, we did not detect reassortment between the two viruses, despite previous in vitro findings indicating that BTV-2 and BTV-10 are able to reassort successfully. These results highlight that numerous factors, including vector species and exposure dose, may impact the in vivo replication of varying BTV strains, and underscore the complexities of BTV ecology in North America.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/6/1016bluetongue virus<i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>vectorarbovirusreassortmenttemperature |
| spellingShingle | Jennifer Kopanke Justin Lee Mark Stenglein Molly Carpenter Lee W. Cohnstaedt William C. Wilson Christie Mayo Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on Virogenesis Viruses bluetongue virus <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> vector arbovirus reassortment temperature |
| title | Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on Virogenesis |
| title_full | Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on Virogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on Virogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on Virogenesis |
| title_short | Exposure of <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> to Enzootic Strains of Bluetongue Virus Demonstrates Temperature- and Virus-Specific Effects on Virogenesis |
| title_sort | exposure of i culicoides sonorensis i to enzootic strains of bluetongue virus demonstrates temperature and virus specific effects on virogenesis |
| topic | bluetongue virus <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> vector arbovirus reassortment temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/6/1016 |
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