Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors
Electric vehicles (EVs) have the advantage of being resilient to natural disasters. However, users hesitate to donate electricity when they lose the chance to recharge at the utility. Solar electric vehicles (SEVs) save energy through vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) and make it possible to v...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3580 |
| _version_ | 1797605602066694144 |
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| author | Kenji Araki Yasuyuki Ota Anju Maeda Minoru Kumano Kensuke Nishioka |
| author_facet | Kenji Araki Yasuyuki Ota Anju Maeda Minoru Kumano Kensuke Nishioka |
| author_sort | Kenji Araki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electric vehicles (EVs) have the advantage of being resilient to natural disasters. However, users hesitate to donate electricity when they lose the chance to recharge at the utility. Solar electric vehicles (SEVs) save energy through vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) and make it possible to voluntarily donate excess energy, thus maintaining facility resilience. Given that the supply of solar energy to VIPV systems is not continuous and is difficult to forecast, the contribution of VIPV to the resilience of the larger energy system has been called into question. This is the first study in which the potential of VIPV to maintain utility resilience is investigated in the context of physical factors, such as irradiance, and social factors. The actual energy yield of a VIPV car was determined using an advanced 3D solar irradiation model under a nonuniform shading distribution, with validation from actual measures of solar irradiance on five orthogonal sides of the car body. The Monte Carlo method was used to model the complex factors in VIPV energy storage and energy donations under different scenarios. Depending on the climate, population density, and shading environment, the voluntary contribution of stored electricity in SEV is sufficient to provide disaster relief support. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:03:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb0cbd0f037247a09dae53a688fc8a54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:03:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb0cbd0f037247a09dae53a688fc8a542023-11-17T19:07:12ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-04-01168358010.3390/en16083580Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social FactorsKenji Araki0Yasuyuki Ota1Anju Maeda2Minoru Kumano3Kensuke Nishioka4Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanFaculty of Regional Innovation, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, JapanElectric vehicles (EVs) have the advantage of being resilient to natural disasters. However, users hesitate to donate electricity when they lose the chance to recharge at the utility. Solar electric vehicles (SEVs) save energy through vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) and make it possible to voluntarily donate excess energy, thus maintaining facility resilience. Given that the supply of solar energy to VIPV systems is not continuous and is difficult to forecast, the contribution of VIPV to the resilience of the larger energy system has been called into question. This is the first study in which the potential of VIPV to maintain utility resilience is investigated in the context of physical factors, such as irradiance, and social factors. The actual energy yield of a VIPV car was determined using an advanced 3D solar irradiation model under a nonuniform shading distribution, with validation from actual measures of solar irradiance on five orthogonal sides of the car body. The Monte Carlo method was used to model the complex factors in VIPV energy storage and energy donations under different scenarios. Depending on the climate, population density, and shading environment, the voluntary contribution of stored electricity in SEV is sufficient to provide disaster relief support.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3580resilienceEVSEVVIPVMonte Carlosolar irradiance |
| spellingShingle | Kenji Araki Yasuyuki Ota Anju Maeda Minoru Kumano Kensuke Nishioka Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors Energies resilience EV SEV VIPV Monte Carlo solar irradiance |
| title | Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors |
| title_full | Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors |
| title_fullStr | Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors |
| title_short | Solar Electric Vehicles as Energy Sources in Disaster Zones: Physical and Social Factors |
| title_sort | solar electric vehicles as energy sources in disaster zones physical and social factors |
| topic | resilience EV SEV VIPV Monte Carlo solar irradiance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3580 |
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