The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
ObjectiveThis meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of five kinds of COVID-19 vaccines in different age groups (young adults and older adults), aiming to analyze the difference of adverse events (AEs) rate and virus geometric mean titer (GMT) values between young and older people, in order...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.758294/full |
| _version_ | 1818983281233756160 |
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| author | Jiting Wang Jiting Wang Yue Tong Duo Li Jun Li Yaling Li |
| author_facet | Jiting Wang Jiting Wang Yue Tong Duo Li Jun Li Yaling Li |
| author_sort | Jiting Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveThis meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of five kinds of COVID-19 vaccines in different age groups (young adults and older adults), aiming to analyze the difference of adverse events (AEs) rate and virus geometric mean titer (GMT) values between young and older people, in order to find a specific trend, and explore the causes of this trend through meta-analysis.MethodMeta-analysis was used to analyze the five eligible articles. The modified Jadad scoring scale was used to evaluate the quality of eligible literature with a scoring system of 1 to 7. The primary endpoint of the effectiveness index was GMT. The primary endpoints of the safety index were the incidence of local AEs and systemic AEs. Stata 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Revman 5.0 software was used to map the risk of publication bias, and Egger’s test was used to analyze publication bias.ResultsThe GMT values of young adults were higher than older adults (SMD = 1.40, 95% CI (0.79, 2.02), P<0.01). There was a higher incidence of local and systemic AEs in young people than in the elderly (OR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.08, 1.12), P<0.01; OR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.14, 1.22), P<0.01).ConclusionThe immune effect of young people after being vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines was better than that of the elderly, but the safety was worse than that of old people, the most common AEs were fever, rash, and local muscle pain, which were tolerable for young people. As the AEs of the elderly were lower, they can also be vaccinated safely; the reason for the low level of GMT in the elderly was related to Immunosenescence. The vaccine tolerance of people of different ages needs to be studied continuously. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:00:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb19e91bb124417eb65aa6933ec01064 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T18:00:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb19e91bb124417eb65aa6933ec010642022-12-21T19:30:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-12-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.758294758294The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisJiting Wang0Jiting Wang1Yue Tong2Duo Li3Jun Li4Yaling Li5Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Respiration, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaObjectiveThis meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of five kinds of COVID-19 vaccines in different age groups (young adults and older adults), aiming to analyze the difference of adverse events (AEs) rate and virus geometric mean titer (GMT) values between young and older people, in order to find a specific trend, and explore the causes of this trend through meta-analysis.MethodMeta-analysis was used to analyze the five eligible articles. The modified Jadad scoring scale was used to evaluate the quality of eligible literature with a scoring system of 1 to 7. The primary endpoint of the effectiveness index was GMT. The primary endpoints of the safety index were the incidence of local AEs and systemic AEs. Stata 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Revman 5.0 software was used to map the risk of publication bias, and Egger’s test was used to analyze publication bias.ResultsThe GMT values of young adults were higher than older adults (SMD = 1.40, 95% CI (0.79, 2.02), P<0.01). There was a higher incidence of local and systemic AEs in young people than in the elderly (OR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.08, 1.12), P<0.01; OR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.14, 1.22), P<0.01).ConclusionThe immune effect of young people after being vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines was better than that of the elderly, but the safety was worse than that of old people, the most common AEs were fever, rash, and local muscle pain, which were tolerable for young people. As the AEs of the elderly were lower, they can also be vaccinated safely; the reason for the low level of GMT in the elderly was related to Immunosenescence. The vaccine tolerance of people of different ages needs to be studied continuously.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.758294/fullefficacy and safetyCOVID-19 vaccinesagerandomized-controlled trials (RCT)double-blindmeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Jiting Wang Jiting Wang Yue Tong Duo Li Jun Li Yaling Li The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Frontiers in Immunology efficacy and safety COVID-19 vaccines age randomized-controlled trials (RCT) double-blind meta-analysis |
| title | The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | impact of age difference on the efficacy and safety of covid 19 vaccines a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | efficacy and safety COVID-19 vaccines age randomized-controlled trials (RCT) double-blind meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.758294/full |
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