Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve Injury
Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common focal nerve injury. People with CTS may show alterations in central processing of nociceptive information. It remains unclear whether the central sensitization inventory (CSI) is capable of detecting such altered central pain processing. Met...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/1075 |
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| author | Luis Matesanz-García Ferran Cuenca-Martínez Ana Isabel Simón David Cecilia Carlos Goicoechea-García Josué Fernández-Carnero Annina B. Schmid |
| author_facet | Luis Matesanz-García Ferran Cuenca-Martínez Ana Isabel Simón David Cecilia Carlos Goicoechea-García Josué Fernández-Carnero Annina B. Schmid |
| author_sort | Luis Matesanz-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common focal nerve injury. People with CTS may show alterations in central processing of nociceptive information. It remains unclear whether the central sensitization inventory (CSI) is capable of detecting such altered central pain processing. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were matched with 30 people with unilateral CTS from the orthopaedic waitlist. Changes to central pain processing were established through psychophysical sensory testing (bilateral pressure pain thresholds (PPT), conditioned pain modulation, temporal summation) and pain distribution on body charts. Patients also completed pain severity and function questionnaires, psychological questionnaires and the CSI. Results: Compared to healthy volunteers, patients with CTS have lower PPTs over the carpal tunnel bilaterally (t = −4.06, <i>p</i> < 0.0001 ipsilateral and t = −4.58, <i>p</i> < 0.0001 contralateral) and reduced conditioned pain modulation efficacy (t = −7.31, <i>p</i> <0.0001) but no differences in temporal summation (t = 0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.60). The CSI was not associated with psychophysical measures or pain distributions indicative of altered central pain processing. However, there was a correlation of the CSI with the Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.426; <i>p</i> = 0.019). Conclusion: Patients with CTS show signs of altered central pain mechanisms. The CSI seems unsuitable to detect changes in central pain processing but is rather associated with psychological factors in people with focal nerve injuries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:41:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:41:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb1a22852a9e4c0e87abf8a7bf2b5f752023-11-23T20:31:30ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-02-01114107510.3390/jcm11041075Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve InjuryLuis Matesanz-García0Ferran Cuenca-Martínez1Ana Isabel Simón2David Cecilia3Carlos Goicoechea-García4Josué Fernández-Carnero5Annina B. Schmid6Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, SpainExercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainUnit of Elbow-Hand, Service de Traumatología, Hospital Severo Ochoa, 28911 Leganés, SpainUnit of Elbow-Hand, Service de Traumatología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28048 Madrid, SpainDepartment Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, SpainGrupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander, 28922 Madrid, SpainNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UKObjective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common focal nerve injury. People with CTS may show alterations in central processing of nociceptive information. It remains unclear whether the central sensitization inventory (CSI) is capable of detecting such altered central pain processing. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were matched with 30 people with unilateral CTS from the orthopaedic waitlist. Changes to central pain processing were established through psychophysical sensory testing (bilateral pressure pain thresholds (PPT), conditioned pain modulation, temporal summation) and pain distribution on body charts. Patients also completed pain severity and function questionnaires, psychological questionnaires and the CSI. Results: Compared to healthy volunteers, patients with CTS have lower PPTs over the carpal tunnel bilaterally (t = −4.06, <i>p</i> < 0.0001 ipsilateral and t = −4.58, <i>p</i> < 0.0001 contralateral) and reduced conditioned pain modulation efficacy (t = −7.31, <i>p</i> <0.0001) but no differences in temporal summation (t = 0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.60). The CSI was not associated with psychophysical measures or pain distributions indicative of altered central pain processing. However, there was a correlation of the CSI with the Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.426; <i>p</i> = 0.019). Conclusion: Patients with CTS show signs of altered central pain mechanisms. The CSI seems unsuitable to detect changes in central pain processing but is rather associated with psychological factors in people with focal nerve injuries.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/1075entrapment neuropathyconditioned pain modulationtemporal summationpain measurementcarpal tunnel syndromepressure pain threshold |
| spellingShingle | Luis Matesanz-García Ferran Cuenca-Martínez Ana Isabel Simón David Cecilia Carlos Goicoechea-García Josué Fernández-Carnero Annina B. Schmid Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve Injury Journal of Clinical Medicine entrapment neuropathy conditioned pain modulation temporal summation pain measurement carpal tunnel syndrome pressure pain threshold |
| title | Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve Injury |
| title_full | Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve Injury |
| title_fullStr | Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve Injury |
| title_short | Signs Indicative of Central Sensitization Are Present but Not Associated with the Central Sensitization Inventory in Patients with Focal Nerve Injury |
| title_sort | signs indicative of central sensitization are present but not associated with the central sensitization inventory in patients with focal nerve injury |
| topic | entrapment neuropathy conditioned pain modulation temporal summation pain measurement carpal tunnel syndrome pressure pain threshold |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/4/1075 |
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