A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist
Joint acoustic emission (JAE) sensing has recently proven to be a viable technique for non-invasive quantification indicating knee joint health. In this work, we adapt the acoustic emission sensing method to measure the JAEs of the wrist—another joint commonly affected by injury and degenerative dis...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4240 |
| _version_ | 1827712095752290304 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniel M. Hochman Sevda Gharehbaghi Daniel C. Whittingslow Omer T. Inan |
| author_facet | Daniel M. Hochman Sevda Gharehbaghi Daniel C. Whittingslow Omer T. Inan |
| author_sort | Daniel M. Hochman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Joint acoustic emission (JAE) sensing has recently proven to be a viable technique for non-invasive quantification indicating knee joint health. In this work, we adapt the acoustic emission sensing method to measure the JAEs of the wrist—another joint commonly affected by injury and degenerative disease. JAEs of seven healthy volunteers were recorded during wrist flexion-extension and rotation with sensitive uniaxial accelerometers placed at eight locations around the wrist. The acoustic data were bandpass filtered (150 Hz–20 kHz). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used to quantify the strength of the JAE signals in each recording. Then, nine audio features were extracted, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (model 3,<i>k</i>), coefficients of variability (CVs), and Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence were calculated to evaluate the interrater repeatability of the signals. We found that SNR ranged from 4.1 to 9.8 dB, intrasession and intersession ICC values ranged from 0.629 to 0.886, CVs ranged from 0.099 to 0.241, and JS divergence ranged from 0.18 to 0.20, demonstrating high JAE repeatability and signal strength at three locations. The volunteer sample size is not large enough to represent JAE analysis of a larger population, but this work will lay a foundation for future work in using wrist JAEs to aid in diagnosis and treatment tracking of musculoskeletal pathologies and injury in wearable systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:07:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb29986704e94d89bb48ec4e2ffa3aa7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:07:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb29986704e94d89bb48ec4e2ffa3aa72023-11-20T08:26:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-07-012015424010.3390/s20154240A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the WristDaniel M. Hochman0Sevda Gharehbaghi1Daniel C. Whittingslow2Omer T. Inan3Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30313, USAWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30313, USAJoint acoustic emission (JAE) sensing has recently proven to be a viable technique for non-invasive quantification indicating knee joint health. In this work, we adapt the acoustic emission sensing method to measure the JAEs of the wrist—another joint commonly affected by injury and degenerative disease. JAEs of seven healthy volunteers were recorded during wrist flexion-extension and rotation with sensitive uniaxial accelerometers placed at eight locations around the wrist. The acoustic data were bandpass filtered (150 Hz–20 kHz). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used to quantify the strength of the JAE signals in each recording. Then, nine audio features were extracted, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (model 3,<i>k</i>), coefficients of variability (CVs), and Jensen–Shannon (JS) divergence were calculated to evaluate the interrater repeatability of the signals. We found that SNR ranged from 4.1 to 9.8 dB, intrasession and intersession ICC values ranged from 0.629 to 0.886, CVs ranged from 0.099 to 0.241, and JS divergence ranged from 0.18 to 0.20, demonstrating high JAE repeatability and signal strength at three locations. The volunteer sample size is not large enough to represent JAE analysis of a larger population, but this work will lay a foundation for future work in using wrist JAEs to aid in diagnosis and treatment tracking of musculoskeletal pathologies and injury in wearable systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4240joint acoustic emissionswearable sensingwrist joint health |
| spellingShingle | Daniel M. Hochman Sevda Gharehbaghi Daniel C. Whittingslow Omer T. Inan A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist Sensors joint acoustic emissions wearable sensing wrist joint health |
| title | A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist |
| title_full | A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist |
| title_fullStr | A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist |
| title_short | A Pilot Study to Assess the Reliability of Sensing Joint Acoustic Emissions of the Wrist |
| title_sort | pilot study to assess the reliability of sensing joint acoustic emissions of the wrist |
| topic | joint acoustic emissions wearable sensing wrist joint health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4240 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielmhochman apilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist AT sevdagharehbaghi apilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist AT danielcwhittingslow apilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist AT omertinan apilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist AT danielmhochman pilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist AT sevdagharehbaghi pilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist AT danielcwhittingslow pilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist AT omertinan pilotstudytoassessthereliabilityofsensingjointacousticemissionsofthewrist |