Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity
Our society is nowadays evolving towards a digital era, due to the extensive use of computer technologies and their interconnection mechanisms, i.e., social networks, Internet resources, IoT services, etc. This way, new threats and vulnerabilities appear. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity of t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3011 |
| _version_ | 1797567040445218816 |
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| author | Antonio Robles-Gómez Llanos Tobarra Rafael Pastor-Vargas Roberto Hernández Jesús Cano |
| author_facet | Antonio Robles-Gómez Llanos Tobarra Rafael Pastor-Vargas Roberto Hernández Jesús Cano |
| author_sort | Antonio Robles-Gómez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our society is nowadays evolving towards a digital era, due to the extensive use of computer technologies and their interconnection mechanisms, i.e., social networks, Internet resources, IoT services, etc. This way, new threats and vulnerabilities appear. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity of training students in the topic of cybersecurity, in which practical skills have to be acquired. In distance education, the inclusion of on-line resources for hands-on activities in its curricula is a key step in meeting that need. This work presents several contributions. First, the fundamentals of a virtual remote laboratory hosted in the cloud are detailed. This laboratory is a step forward since the laboratory combines both virtualization and cloud paradigms to dynamically create emulated environments. Second, this laboratory has also been integrated into the practical curricula of a cybersecurity subject, as an additional on-line resource. Third, the students’ traceability, in terms of their interactions with the laboratory, is also analyzed. Psychological TAM/UTAUT factors (perceived usefulness, estimated effort, social influence, attitude, ease of access) that may affect the intention of using the laboratory are analyzed. Fourth, the degree of satisfaction is analyzed with a great impact, since the mean values of these factors are most of them higher than 4 points out of 5. In addition to this, the students’ acceptance of the presented technology is exhaustively studied. Two structural equation models have been hypothesized and validated. Finally, the acceptance of the technology can be concluded as very good in order to be used in other Engineering contexts. In this sense, the calculated statistical values for the improved proposed model are within the expected ranges of reliability (X2 = 0.6, X2/DF = 0.3, GFI = 0.985, CIF = 0.985, RMSEA = 0) by considering the literature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:35:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb332f6f213d4deaaf0c3ff0cccf3da5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:35:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb332f6f213d4deaaf0c3ff0cccf3da52023-11-20T01:44:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-05-012011301110.3390/s20113011Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for CybersecurityAntonio Robles-Gómez0Llanos Tobarra1Rafael Pastor-Vargas2Roberto Hernández3Jesús Cano4Department of Control and Communication Systems, Computer Science Engineering Faculty, Spanish National University for Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Control and Communication Systems, Computer Science Engineering Faculty, Spanish National University for Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Control and Communication Systems, Computer Science Engineering Faculty, Spanish National University for Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Control and Communication Systems, Computer Science Engineering Faculty, Spanish National University for Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Control and Communication Systems, Computer Science Engineering Faculty, Spanish National University for Distance Education (UNED), 28040 Madrid, SpainOur society is nowadays evolving towards a digital era, due to the extensive use of computer technologies and their interconnection mechanisms, i.e., social networks, Internet resources, IoT services, etc. This way, new threats and vulnerabilities appear. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity of training students in the topic of cybersecurity, in which practical skills have to be acquired. In distance education, the inclusion of on-line resources for hands-on activities in its curricula is a key step in meeting that need. This work presents several contributions. First, the fundamentals of a virtual remote laboratory hosted in the cloud are detailed. This laboratory is a step forward since the laboratory combines both virtualization and cloud paradigms to dynamically create emulated environments. Second, this laboratory has also been integrated into the practical curricula of a cybersecurity subject, as an additional on-line resource. Third, the students’ traceability, in terms of their interactions with the laboratory, is also analyzed. Psychological TAM/UTAUT factors (perceived usefulness, estimated effort, social influence, attitude, ease of access) that may affect the intention of using the laboratory are analyzed. Fourth, the degree of satisfaction is analyzed with a great impact, since the mean values of these factors are most of them higher than 4 points out of 5. In addition to this, the students’ acceptance of the presented technology is exhaustively studied. Two structural equation models have been hypothesized and validated. Finally, the acceptance of the technology can be concluded as very good in order to be used in other Engineering contexts. In this sense, the calculated statistical values for the improved proposed model are within the expected ranges of reliability (X2 = 0.6, X2/DF = 0.3, GFI = 0.985, CIF = 0.985, RMSEA = 0) by considering the literature.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3011emulated virtual scenariosvulnerability analysispractical skillsonline resourcesUTAUT/TAM factorsSEM validation |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Robles-Gómez Llanos Tobarra Rafael Pastor-Vargas Roberto Hernández Jesús Cano Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity Sensors emulated virtual scenarios vulnerability analysis practical skills online resources UTAUT/TAM factors SEM validation |
| title | Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity |
| title_full | Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity |
| title_fullStr | Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity |
| title_short | Emulating and Evaluating Virtual Remote Laboratories for Cybersecurity |
| title_sort | emulating and evaluating virtual remote laboratories for cybersecurity |
| topic | emulated virtual scenarios vulnerability analysis practical skills online resources UTAUT/TAM factors SEM validation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3011 |
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