Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds
There is a commitment by the European pig sector to ban surgical castration of male piglets in the European Union in 2018. One alternative to castration is to raise entire male pigs, with an increased risk of boar taint. A field study was performed to: (1) evaluate inter- and intra-farm variation in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Animal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731117000994 |
| _version_ | 1818622110306664448 |
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| author | E. Heyrman S. Millet F.A.M. Tuyttens B. Ampe S. Janssens N. Buys J. Wauters L. Vanhaecke M. Aluwé |
| author_facet | E. Heyrman S. Millet F.A.M. Tuyttens B. Ampe S. Janssens N. Buys J. Wauters L. Vanhaecke M. Aluwé |
| author_sort | E. Heyrman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a commitment by the European pig sector to ban surgical castration of male piglets in the European Union in 2018. One alternative to castration is to raise entire male pigs, with an increased risk of boar taint. A field study was performed to: (1) evaluate inter- and intra-farm variation in boar taint prevalence, (2) investigate factors measured at slaughter influencing boar taint and (3) evaluate the relationship between sensorial scoring by a trained panel and the concentration of boar taint components. From 34 farms, neck fat samples were collected from all entire male pigs in at least two slaughter batches per farm (78 batches; 9167 animals). In addition to olfactory boar taint analysis, data were also collected on fresh skin lesions (score 0 to 3) at the slaughter line, slaughter weight, lean meat percentage, duration of transport, time spent in lairage, total delivery duration, day length, shortening of days and outdoor mean temperature. Using the hot iron method, neck fat samples were scored (eight-point scale) for boar taint. Average boar taint prevalence (score ≥3) was 5.6±2.5% and the mean difference between the maximum and minimum prevalence per farm was 4.3±3.2%. Androstenone (AND), skatole (SKA) and indole concentrations were measured for a subset (n=254) of the samples. According to binomial univariate mixed models, entire male pigs with a higher skin lesion score had higher odds of having boar taint (P=0.031), as did fatter entire male pigs (P<0.001). In the binomial multivariate mixed model lean meat percentage (P<0.001) and outdoor mean temperature (P=0.005) remained as only significant factors. Based on our results, we can conclude that these statistically significant at least partially influence the prevalence of boar taint. According to the binomial univariate mixed models SKA concentration in liquid fat seems a better predictor for boar taint than AND. There were no significant synergetic effects between boar taint compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:19:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb3e53c0d14845c9a6ba204cd12e9737 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-7311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T18:19:57Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb3e53c0d14845c9a6ba204cd12e97372022-12-21T22:21:36ZengElsevierAnimal1751-73112017-01-01111120842093Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compoundsE. Heyrman0S. Millet1F.A.M. Tuyttens2B. Ampe3S. Janssens4N. Buys5J. Wauters6L. Vanhaecke7M. Aluwé8Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, 9090 Melle, Belgium; Livestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, BelgiumInstitute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, 9090 Melle, BelgiumInstitute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, 9090 Melle, BelgiumInstitute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, 9090 Melle, BelgiumLivestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, BelgiumLivestock Genetics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, BelgiumLaboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumLaboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumInstitute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, 9090 Melle, BelgiumThere is a commitment by the European pig sector to ban surgical castration of male piglets in the European Union in 2018. One alternative to castration is to raise entire male pigs, with an increased risk of boar taint. A field study was performed to: (1) evaluate inter- and intra-farm variation in boar taint prevalence, (2) investigate factors measured at slaughter influencing boar taint and (3) evaluate the relationship between sensorial scoring by a trained panel and the concentration of boar taint components. From 34 farms, neck fat samples were collected from all entire male pigs in at least two slaughter batches per farm (78 batches; 9167 animals). In addition to olfactory boar taint analysis, data were also collected on fresh skin lesions (score 0 to 3) at the slaughter line, slaughter weight, lean meat percentage, duration of transport, time spent in lairage, total delivery duration, day length, shortening of days and outdoor mean temperature. Using the hot iron method, neck fat samples were scored (eight-point scale) for boar taint. Average boar taint prevalence (score ≥3) was 5.6±2.5% and the mean difference between the maximum and minimum prevalence per farm was 4.3±3.2%. Androstenone (AND), skatole (SKA) and indole concentrations were measured for a subset (n=254) of the samples. According to binomial univariate mixed models, entire male pigs with a higher skin lesion score had higher odds of having boar taint (P=0.031), as did fatter entire male pigs (P<0.001). In the binomial multivariate mixed model lean meat percentage (P<0.001) and outdoor mean temperature (P=0.005) remained as only significant factors. Based on our results, we can conclude that these statistically significant at least partially influence the prevalence of boar taint. According to the binomial univariate mixed models SKA concentration in liquid fat seems a better predictor for boar taint than AND. There were no significant synergetic effects between boar taint compounds.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731117000994boar taintboar taint compoundscarcass traitspre-slaughter conditionsseason |
| spellingShingle | E. Heyrman S. Millet F.A.M. Tuyttens B. Ampe S. Janssens N. Buys J. Wauters L. Vanhaecke M. Aluwé Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds Animal boar taint boar taint compounds carcass traits pre-slaughter conditions season |
| title | Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds |
| title_full | Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds |
| title_fullStr | Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds |
| title_short | Olfactory evaluation of boar taint: effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds |
| title_sort | olfactory evaluation of boar taint effect of factors measured at slaughter and link with boar taint compounds |
| topic | boar taint boar taint compounds carcass traits pre-slaughter conditions season |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731117000994 |
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