Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People
Dark chocolate is rich in flavonoids that can have effects on body composition and cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of acute and subchronic chocolate intake on electrical brain oscillations. A study with 20 healthy subjects (mean age of 24.15 years) and a contr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/7/11/187 |
| _version_ | 1819013621857910784 |
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| author | Efraín Santiago-Rodríguez Brenda Estrada-Zaldívar Elba Zaldívar-Uribe |
| author_facet | Efraín Santiago-Rodríguez Brenda Estrada-Zaldívar Elba Zaldívar-Uribe |
| author_sort | Efraín Santiago-Rodríguez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dark chocolate is rich in flavonoids that can have effects on body composition and cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of acute and subchronic chocolate intake on electrical brain oscillations. A study with 20 healthy subjects (mean age of 24.15 years) and a control group with five subjects (mean age of 23.2 years) was carried out. In the acute effect study, the subjects’ intake was dark chocolate (103.72 mg/kg of body weight) rich in flavonoids and low in calories as in fasting. In the control group, the subjects intake was only low-calorie milk. For the subchronic effect, a daily dose of dark chocolate was given for eight days. The baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded before dark chocolate intake; at 30 min, the second EEG was carried out; on the eighth day, the third and fourth EEGs were performed before and after the last intake. In acute and subchronic intake, Delta Absolute Power (AP) decrease was observed in most brain regions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), except in the right fronto-centro-temporal regions. In the Theta band, there was a generalized decrease of the AP of predominance in the left fronto-centro-temporal regions. In contrast, an increase in AP was observed in the temporo-occipital regions in the Alpha band, and in the right temporal and parieto-occipital regions in the Beta band. The control group did not have significant changes in brain oscillations (<i>p</i> > 0.05). We concluded that acute and subchronic chocolate intake decreased the Delta and Theta AP and increased Alpha and Beta AP in most brain regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:02:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb459f92a8c44248bcbc05477f059ed5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T02:02:52Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb459f92a8c44248bcbc05477f059ed52022-12-21T19:19:36ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582018-11-0171118710.3390/foods7110187foods7110187Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy PeopleEfraín Santiago-Rodríguez0Brenda Estrada-Zaldívar1Elba Zaldívar-Uribe2Diagnóstico, Tratamiento e Investigación Neurológica, S. C. Querétaro, Querétaro 76177, MéxicoFacultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76000, MéxicoDiagnóstico, Tratamiento e Investigación Neurológica, S. C. Querétaro, Querétaro 76177, MéxicoDark chocolate is rich in flavonoids that can have effects on body composition and cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of acute and subchronic chocolate intake on electrical brain oscillations. A study with 20 healthy subjects (mean age of 24.15 years) and a control group with five subjects (mean age of 23.2 years) was carried out. In the acute effect study, the subjects’ intake was dark chocolate (103.72 mg/kg of body weight) rich in flavonoids and low in calories as in fasting. In the control group, the subjects intake was only low-calorie milk. For the subchronic effect, a daily dose of dark chocolate was given for eight days. The baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded before dark chocolate intake; at 30 min, the second EEG was carried out; on the eighth day, the third and fourth EEGs were performed before and after the last intake. In acute and subchronic intake, Delta Absolute Power (AP) decrease was observed in most brain regions (<i>p</i> < 0.05), except in the right fronto-centro-temporal regions. In the Theta band, there was a generalized decrease of the AP of predominance in the left fronto-centro-temporal regions. In contrast, an increase in AP was observed in the temporo-occipital regions in the Alpha band, and in the right temporal and parieto-occipital regions in the Beta band. The control group did not have significant changes in brain oscillations (<i>p</i> > 0.05). We concluded that acute and subchronic chocolate intake decreased the Delta and Theta AP and increased Alpha and Beta AP in most brain regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/7/11/187dark chocolateelectroencephalogramcognitive effects |
| spellingShingle | Efraín Santiago-Rodríguez Brenda Estrada-Zaldívar Elba Zaldívar-Uribe Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People Foods dark chocolate electroencephalogram cognitive effects |
| title | Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People |
| title_full | Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People |
| title_short | Effects of Dark Chocolate Intake on Brain Electrical Oscillations in Healthy People |
| title_sort | effects of dark chocolate intake on brain electrical oscillations in healthy people |
| topic | dark chocolate electroencephalogram cognitive effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/7/11/187 |
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