Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In Vitro
Childhood obesity is a growing problem in industrial societies and associated with increased leptin levels in serum and salvia. Orthodontic treatment provokes pressure and tension zones within the periodontal ligament, where, in addition to fibroblasts, macrophages are exposed to these mechanical lo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10727 |
| _version_ | 1797487195413544960 |
|---|---|
| author | Eva Paddenberg Hannah Osterloh Jonathan Jantsch Andressa Nogueira Peter Proff Christian Kirschneck Agnes Schröder |
| author_facet | Eva Paddenberg Hannah Osterloh Jonathan Jantsch Andressa Nogueira Peter Proff Christian Kirschneck Agnes Schröder |
| author_sort | Eva Paddenberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Childhood obesity is a growing problem in industrial societies and associated with increased leptin levels in serum and salvia. Orthodontic treatment provokes pressure and tension zones within the periodontal ligament, where, in addition to fibroblasts, macrophages are exposed to these mechanical loadings. Given the increasing number of orthodontic patients with these conditions, insights into the effects of elevated leptin levels on the expression profile of macrophages during mechanical strain are of clinical interest. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of leptin on the expression profile of macrophages during simulated orthodontic treatment. RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with leptin and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>) or with leptin and different types of mechanical strain (tensile, compressive strain). Expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukin-1-B (IL1B), IL6, and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PTGS2) was assessed by RT-qPCR, ELISAs, and immunoblot. Without additional mechanical loading, leptin increased <i>Tnf</i>, <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Il6</i>, and <i>Ptgs2</i> mRNA in RAW264.7 macrophages by itself and after stimulation with LPS. However, in combination with tensile or compressive strain, leptin reduced the expression and secretion of these inflammatory factors. By itself and in combination with LPS from <i>P. gingivalis</i>, leptin has a pro-inflammatory effect. Both tensile and compressive strain lead to increased expression of inflammatory genes. In contrast to its effect under control conditions or after LPS treatment, leptin showed an anti-inflammatory phenotype after mechanical stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb4c306b37c5452abcdb2e6915180530 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb4c306b37c5452abcdb2e69151805302023-11-23T16:46:57ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123181072710.3390/ijms231810727Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In VitroEva Paddenberg0Hannah Osterloh1Jonathan Jantsch2Andressa Nogueira3Peter Proff4Christian Kirschneck5Agnes Schröder6Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyChildhood obesity is a growing problem in industrial societies and associated with increased leptin levels in serum and salvia. Orthodontic treatment provokes pressure and tension zones within the periodontal ligament, where, in addition to fibroblasts, macrophages are exposed to these mechanical loadings. Given the increasing number of orthodontic patients with these conditions, insights into the effects of elevated leptin levels on the expression profile of macrophages during mechanical strain are of clinical interest. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of leptin on the expression profile of macrophages during simulated orthodontic treatment. RAW264.7 macrophages were incubated with leptin and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>) or with leptin and different types of mechanical strain (tensile, compressive strain). Expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukin-1-B (IL1B), IL6, and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PTGS2) was assessed by RT-qPCR, ELISAs, and immunoblot. Without additional mechanical loading, leptin increased <i>Tnf</i>, <i>Il1b</i>, <i>Il6</i>, and <i>Ptgs2</i> mRNA in RAW264.7 macrophages by itself and after stimulation with LPS. However, in combination with tensile or compressive strain, leptin reduced the expression and secretion of these inflammatory factors. By itself and in combination with LPS from <i>P. gingivalis</i>, leptin has a pro-inflammatory effect. Both tensile and compressive strain lead to increased expression of inflammatory genes. In contrast to its effect under control conditions or after LPS treatment, leptin showed an anti-inflammatory phenotype after mechanical stress.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10727macrophagesinflammationorthodontic tooth movementleptinmechanical strain |
| spellingShingle | Eva Paddenberg Hannah Osterloh Jonathan Jantsch Andressa Nogueira Peter Proff Christian Kirschneck Agnes Schröder Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In Vitro International Journal of Molecular Sciences macrophages inflammation orthodontic tooth movement leptin mechanical strain |
| title | Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In Vitro |
| title_full | Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In Vitro |
| title_short | Impact of Leptin on the Expression Profile of Macrophages during Mechanical Strain In Vitro |
| title_sort | impact of leptin on the expression profile of macrophages during mechanical strain in vitro |
| topic | macrophages inflammation orthodontic tooth movement leptin mechanical strain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10727 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT evapaddenberg impactofleptinontheexpressionprofileofmacrophagesduringmechanicalstraininvitro AT hannahosterloh impactofleptinontheexpressionprofileofmacrophagesduringmechanicalstraininvitro AT jonathanjantsch impactofleptinontheexpressionprofileofmacrophagesduringmechanicalstraininvitro AT andressanogueira impactofleptinontheexpressionprofileofmacrophagesduringmechanicalstraininvitro AT peterproff impactofleptinontheexpressionprofileofmacrophagesduringmechanicalstraininvitro AT christiankirschneck impactofleptinontheexpressionprofileofmacrophagesduringmechanicalstraininvitro AT agnesschroder impactofleptinontheexpressionprofileofmacrophagesduringmechanicalstraininvitro |