Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling
Purpose: In application of hexagonal shapes, engineers and researchers use mathematical modeling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and experimental techniques to study natural convection inside hexagonal cavities and improve the design and efficiency of engineering systems. The exploration of flu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X23007943 |
| _version_ | 1797670323785564160 |
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| author | Jianfeng Wang Shan Ali Khan Sumeira Yasmin Mohammad Mahtab Alam Haihu Liu Umar Farooq Ali Akgül Ahmed M. Hassan |
| author_facet | Jianfeng Wang Shan Ali Khan Sumeira Yasmin Mohammad Mahtab Alam Haihu Liu Umar Farooq Ali Akgül Ahmed M. Hassan |
| author_sort | Jianfeng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: In application of hexagonal shapes, engineers and researchers use mathematical modeling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and experimental techniques to study natural convection inside hexagonal cavities and improve the design and efficiency of engineering systems. The exploration of fluid performance in hexagonal cavity has been an important problem from the earlier in the fluid mechanics field. The present transient study about thermal reaction and behavior of natural convectional MWCNT-water nanofluid flow privileged a hexagonal cavity in the occurrence of magnetic field is scrutinized. The flow domain of hexagonal structure cavity is a partitioned with lower heated cavity wall and inner four blocks are also heated. The upper wall of the cavity is considered insulated. Furthermore the other remaining walls of the hexagonal cavity are cold. Approach: The two-dimensional steady, incompressible, governing equations which involve continuity, velocity, and temperature equations of mono nanofluid in a dimensionless form are expressed in vertically and horizontal directions respectively. Moreover, transformed the governing equations into their dimensionless system then elucidated numerically with the help of Galerkin Finite Element Method. Furthermore response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to obtaining the optimal values of the designed parameters. This combined process was successfully sculpted and optimized utilized a central composite design with response surface methodology. Findings: The numerical fallouts of the flow controlling parameters scrutinized containing streamlines, velocities components and isotherms are elaborated. The investigation depicts enhanced convection velocity and temperature outcomes for different values of Rayleigh number. The average Nusselt number is drops as Rayleigh number boosts up. It is concluded that the Nusselt number is reduces for Hartmann number. For larger nanoparticles fraction Nusselt number increases. Limitations: This analysis has particular scope for improvement. In additions, studies can be showed on the improvement of hexagonal cavity walls designs, thickness, and size of the walls of enclosure cavity. Furthermore the heated blocks are involved inside the cavity. Practical application: The natural convection flow through hexagonal cavity reveals major importance and those geometrical shapes are playing major role in electronic cooling. In electronics, hexagonal cavities can be found in heat sinks and electronic packages. Natural convection plays a crucial role in dissipating heat from electronic devices, such as microprocessors, power electronics, and LED lighting systems. Nanofluids exhibit potential heat transfer as compared to conventional coolants. With this aim, the current analysis enlightens the natural convection flow of MWCNTs-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity and square-shaped blocks. Originality: This analysis is original, and no previous investigation has been accompanied considering the enclosure domain of cavity and variation of the walls number. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:58:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb4d0a626a724a818edef4279de1b648 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:58:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb4d0a626a724a818edef4279de1b6482023-09-30T04:54:49ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2023-10-0150103488Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic coolingJianfeng Wang0Shan Ali Khan1Sumeira Yasmin2Mohammad Mahtab Alam3Haihu Liu4Umar Farooq5Ali Akgül6Ahmed M. Hassan7School of Mechanical Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, 710123, ChinaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Corresponding author.Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, PakistanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Corresponding author.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Siirt University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Mathematics, 56100, Siirt, Turkey; Near East University, Mathematics Research Center, Department of Mathematics, Near East Boulevard, PC: 99138, Nicosia /Mersin 10, TurkeyFaculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, EgyptPurpose: In application of hexagonal shapes, engineers and researchers use mathematical modeling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and experimental techniques to study natural convection inside hexagonal cavities and improve the design and efficiency of engineering systems. The exploration of fluid performance in hexagonal cavity has been an important problem from the earlier in the fluid mechanics field. The present transient study about thermal reaction and behavior of natural convectional MWCNT-water nanofluid flow privileged a hexagonal cavity in the occurrence of magnetic field is scrutinized. The flow domain of hexagonal structure cavity is a partitioned with lower heated cavity wall and inner four blocks are also heated. The upper wall of the cavity is considered insulated. Furthermore the other remaining walls of the hexagonal cavity are cold. Approach: The two-dimensional steady, incompressible, governing equations which involve continuity, velocity, and temperature equations of mono nanofluid in a dimensionless form are expressed in vertically and horizontal directions respectively. Moreover, transformed the governing equations into their dimensionless system then elucidated numerically with the help of Galerkin Finite Element Method. Furthermore response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to obtaining the optimal values of the designed parameters. This combined process was successfully sculpted and optimized utilized a central composite design with response surface methodology. Findings: The numerical fallouts of the flow controlling parameters scrutinized containing streamlines, velocities components and isotherms are elaborated. The investigation depicts enhanced convection velocity and temperature outcomes for different values of Rayleigh number. The average Nusselt number is drops as Rayleigh number boosts up. It is concluded that the Nusselt number is reduces for Hartmann number. For larger nanoparticles fraction Nusselt number increases. Limitations: This analysis has particular scope for improvement. In additions, studies can be showed on the improvement of hexagonal cavity walls designs, thickness, and size of the walls of enclosure cavity. Furthermore the heated blocks are involved inside the cavity. Practical application: The natural convection flow through hexagonal cavity reveals major importance and those geometrical shapes are playing major role in electronic cooling. In electronics, hexagonal cavities can be found in heat sinks and electronic packages. Natural convection plays a crucial role in dissipating heat from electronic devices, such as microprocessors, power electronics, and LED lighting systems. Nanofluids exhibit potential heat transfer as compared to conventional coolants. With this aim, the current analysis enlightens the natural convection flow of MWCNTs-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity and square-shaped blocks. Originality: This analysis is original, and no previous investigation has been accompanied considering the enclosure domain of cavity and variation of the walls number.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X23007943BlocksMono nanofluidMWCNTRSMGalerkin finite element method (GFEM)Hexagonal cavity |
| spellingShingle | Jianfeng Wang Shan Ali Khan Sumeira Yasmin Mohammad Mahtab Alam Haihu Liu Umar Farooq Ali Akgül Ahmed M. Hassan Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Blocks Mono nanofluid MWCNT RSM Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) Hexagonal cavity |
| title | Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling |
| title_full | Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling |
| title_fullStr | Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling |
| title_short | Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling |
| title_sort | central composite design ccd response surface methodology rsm for modeling and simulation of mwcnt water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity application to electronic cooling |
| topic | Blocks Mono nanofluid MWCNT RSM Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) Hexagonal cavity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X23007943 |
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