Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater
Photocatalytic membranes possessing both photocatalytic and solid-liquid separation capabilities were developed. These materials are based on ternary 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) embedded on cellulose acetate (CA) via the phase inversion method. The CA membranes containing 0.1, 0.3 a...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/3/1649 |
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| author | Lethula E. Mofokeng Lerato Hlekelele John Moma Zikhona N. Tetana Vongani P. Chauke |
| author_facet | Lethula E. Mofokeng Lerato Hlekelele John Moma Zikhona N. Tetana Vongani P. Chauke |
| author_sort | Lethula E. Mofokeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photocatalytic membranes possessing both photocatalytic and solid-liquid separation capabilities were developed. These materials are based on ternary 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) embedded on cellulose acetate (CA) via the phase inversion method. The CA membranes containing 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) (CTG–100, CTG–300 and CTG–500) were fabricated. The deposition of 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) onto the CA membranes and the consequential changes in the materials’ properties were investigated with various characterization techniques. For instance, PXRD, FTIR, and XPS analysis provided evidence that photocatalytic membranes were formed. Electron microscopy and EDX were then used to visualize the photocatalytic membranes and show that the photocatalyst (1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9)) was well dispersed onto the CA membrane. On the other hand, the properties of the photocatalytic membranes were scrutinized, where it was found that the membranes had a sponge-like morphology and that was significantly less hydrophilic compared to neat CA. The removal of KP in water using CTG–500 exhibited over 94% efficiency, while 38% for neat CA was achieved. Water permeability flux improved with increasing 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) and hydrophilicity of the membranes. The electrical energy consumption was calculated and determined to be significantly lower than that of the CA membrane. The CTG–500 membrane after every cycle showed self-cleaning ability after operation in drinking and groundwater. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:10:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb56013e2e6b48418e2fe679eaecfa5e2023-11-23T16:01:09ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-02-01123164910.3390/app12031649Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and GroundwaterLethula E. Mofokeng0Lerato Hlekelele1John Moma2Zikhona N. Tetana3Vongani P. Chauke4Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0184, South AfricaCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0184, South AfricaMolecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaMolecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg 2050, South AfricaCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0184, South AfricaPhotocatalytic membranes possessing both photocatalytic and solid-liquid separation capabilities were developed. These materials are based on ternary 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) embedded on cellulose acetate (CA) via the phase inversion method. The CA membranes containing 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) (CTG–100, CTG–300 and CTG–500) were fabricated. The deposition of 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) onto the CA membranes and the consequential changes in the materials’ properties were investigated with various characterization techniques. For instance, PXRD, FTIR, and XPS analysis provided evidence that photocatalytic membranes were formed. Electron microscopy and EDX were then used to visualize the photocatalytic membranes and show that the photocatalyst (1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9)) was well dispersed onto the CA membrane. On the other hand, the properties of the photocatalytic membranes were scrutinized, where it was found that the membranes had a sponge-like morphology and that was significantly less hydrophilic compared to neat CA. The removal of KP in water using CTG–500 exhibited over 94% efficiency, while 38% for neat CA was achieved. Water permeability flux improved with increasing 1% CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN (1:9) and hydrophilicity of the membranes. The electrical energy consumption was calculated and determined to be significantly lower than that of the CA membrane. The CTG–500 membrane after every cycle showed self-cleaning ability after operation in drinking and groundwater.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/3/1649photocatalytic membranefiltrationdegradationground and drinking waterelectrical energy consumption |
| spellingShingle | Lethula E. Mofokeng Lerato Hlekelele John Moma Zikhona N. Tetana Vongani P. Chauke Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater Applied Sciences photocatalytic membrane filtration degradation ground and drinking water electrical energy consumption |
| title | Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater |
| title_full | Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater |
| title_fullStr | Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater |
| title_short | Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO<sub>2</sub>@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater |
| title_sort | energy efficient cuo tio sub 2 sub gcn cellulose acetate based membrane for concurrent filtration and photodegradation of ketoprofen in drinking and groundwater |
| topic | photocatalytic membrane filtration degradation ground and drinking water electrical energy consumption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/3/1649 |
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