Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern Italy
The present investigation exposes the main results raised from an active collaboration started in 2018 with the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Southern Italy), aiming at a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from the Campania region. Forty-nine uroliths (both bladder and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1421 |
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| author | Francesco Izzo Alessio Langella Chiara Germinario Celestino Grifa Ettore Varricchio Maria Chiara Di Meo Luigi Salzano Giuseppe Lotrecchiano Mariano Mercurio |
| author_facet | Francesco Izzo Alessio Langella Chiara Germinario Celestino Grifa Ettore Varricchio Maria Chiara Di Meo Luigi Salzano Giuseppe Lotrecchiano Mariano Mercurio |
| author_sort | Francesco Izzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present investigation exposes the main results raised from an active collaboration started in 2018 with the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Southern Italy), aiming at a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from the Campania region. Forty-nine uroliths (both bladder and kidney stones) have been surgically collected from patients admitted between 2018 and 2020 at the Department of Urology of the San Pio Hospital and characterized for clinical purposes and environmental biomonitoring from a mineralogical point of view. Possible causes and environmental implications were inferred according to the morpho-constitutional classification of the uroliths carried out by means of a conventional analytical approach. The mineralogical frequency distribution of uroliths from the Campanian region can be discussed as a function of dietary, socio-demographic, and environmental risk factors. Whewellite [CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O] and weddellite [CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·(2+x)H<sub>2</sub>O], along with anhydrous calcium oxalate, represent the main mineralogical phases forming the biominerals examined here. Worth to note is that the percentage of oxalates in the Campanian region (ca. 51%) is quite comparable to those of other Mediterranean areas. Frequent uricite [C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>] (ca. 33%), mainly observed in bladder stones of older male patients, could be related to an incorrect lifestyle and dietary habits. Occurrence of lower percentages of phosphate (i.e., brushite [CaHPO<sub>4</sub>·2(H<sub>2</sub>O)] and carbonated apatite [Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>]) and mixed stones (such as, for example, a mixture of ammonium urate [NH<sub>4</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>] and calcium oxalates) indicates specific etiopathogenetic mechanisms, suggesting proper therapeutical approaches. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:49:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb583953b5c84e71a7c30aacbe1343f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:49:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb583953b5c84e71a7c30aacbe1343f02023-11-24T05:59:09ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-11-011211142110.3390/min12111421Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern ItalyFrancesco Izzo0Alessio Langella1Chiara Germinario2Celestino Grifa3Ettore Varricchio4Maria Chiara Di Meo5Luigi Salzano6Giuseppe Lotrecchiano7Mariano Mercurio8Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, ItalyDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, ItalyDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, ItalyDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, ItalyUOC Urology, San Pio Hospital, Via dell’Angelo, 82100 Benevento, ItalyUOC Urology, San Pio Hospital, Via dell’Angelo, 82100 Benevento, ItalyDepartment of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Via de Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, ItalyThe present investigation exposes the main results raised from an active collaboration started in 2018 with the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Southern Italy), aiming at a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from the Campania region. Forty-nine uroliths (both bladder and kidney stones) have been surgically collected from patients admitted between 2018 and 2020 at the Department of Urology of the San Pio Hospital and characterized for clinical purposes and environmental biomonitoring from a mineralogical point of view. Possible causes and environmental implications were inferred according to the morpho-constitutional classification of the uroliths carried out by means of a conventional analytical approach. The mineralogical frequency distribution of uroliths from the Campanian region can be discussed as a function of dietary, socio-demographic, and environmental risk factors. Whewellite [CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O] and weddellite [CaC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>·(2+x)H<sub>2</sub>O], along with anhydrous calcium oxalate, represent the main mineralogical phases forming the biominerals examined here. Worth to note is that the percentage of oxalates in the Campanian region (ca. 51%) is quite comparable to those of other Mediterranean areas. Frequent uricite [C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>] (ca. 33%), mainly observed in bladder stones of older male patients, could be related to an incorrect lifestyle and dietary habits. Occurrence of lower percentages of phosphate (i.e., brushite [CaHPO<sub>4</sub>·2(H<sub>2</sub>O)] and carbonated apatite [Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>]) and mixed stones (such as, for example, a mixture of ammonium urate [NH<sub>4</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>] and calcium oxalates) indicates specific etiopathogenetic mechanisms, suggesting proper therapeutical approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1421biomineralurinary stonemicroscopyspectroscopycalcium oxalatecarbonated apatite |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Izzo Alessio Langella Chiara Germinario Celestino Grifa Ettore Varricchio Maria Chiara Di Meo Luigi Salzano Giuseppe Lotrecchiano Mariano Mercurio Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern Italy Minerals biomineral urinary stone microscopy spectroscopy calcium oxalate carbonated apatite |
| title | Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern Italy |
| title_full | Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern Italy |
| title_fullStr | Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern Italy |
| title_short | Morpho-Constitutional Classification of Urinary Stones as Prospective Approach for the Management of Human Pathological Biomineralization: New Insights from Southern Italy |
| title_sort | morpho constitutional classification of urinary stones as prospective approach for the management of human pathological biomineralization new insights from southern italy |
| topic | biomineral urinary stone microscopy spectroscopy calcium oxalate carbonated apatite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/11/1421 |
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