Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In Vitro
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bismuth subnitrate and micronized keratin on bovine neutrophils in vitro. We hypothesized that recruitment and activation of neutrophils into the teat canal and sinus are the mechanisms of action of bismuth subnitrate and keratin-based teat sealant f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/3/87 |
| _version_ | 1797563171296247808 |
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| author | Shirli Notcovich Norman B. Williamson Jimena Yapura Ynte Schukken Cord Heuer |
| author_facet | Shirli Notcovich Norman B. Williamson Jimena Yapura Ynte Schukken Cord Heuer |
| author_sort | Shirli Notcovich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bismuth subnitrate and micronized keratin on bovine neutrophils in vitro. We hypothesized that recruitment and activation of neutrophils into the teat canal and sinus are the mechanisms of action of bismuth subnitrate and keratin-based teat sealant formulations. To test this, a chemotaxis assay (Experiment 1) and a myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay (Experiment 2) were conducted in vitro. Blood was sampled from 12 mid-lactation dairy cows of variable ages. Neutrophils were extracted and diluted to obtain cell suspensions of approximately 10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL. In Experiment 1, test substances were placed in a 96-well plate, separated from the cell suspension by a 3 µm pore membrane and incubated for 3 h to allow neutrophils to migrate through the membrane. In Experiment 2, neutrophils were exposed to the test products and the amount of MPO released was measured by optical density. Results showed that neutrophils were not activated by bismuth or keratin products (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in all of the tests performed. These results suggest that the mechanisms of action of bismuth subnitrate and keratin-based teat sealants do not rely on neutrophil recruitment and activation in the teat canal and sinus after treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:39:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb5a4d41838c457eb928de62256b0837 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:39:55Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb5a4d41838c457eb928de62256b08372023-11-20T05:59:24ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812020-07-01738710.3390/vetsci7030087Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In VitroShirli Notcovich0Norman B. Williamson1Jimena Yapura2Ynte Schukken3Cord Heuer4School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New ZealandSchool of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New ZealandSchool of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New ZealandDepartment of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 Wageningen AH, The NetherlandsSchool of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New ZealandThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of bismuth subnitrate and micronized keratin on bovine neutrophils in vitro. We hypothesized that recruitment and activation of neutrophils into the teat canal and sinus are the mechanisms of action of bismuth subnitrate and keratin-based teat sealant formulations. To test this, a chemotaxis assay (Experiment 1) and a myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay (Experiment 2) were conducted in vitro. Blood was sampled from 12 mid-lactation dairy cows of variable ages. Neutrophils were extracted and diluted to obtain cell suspensions of approximately 10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL. In Experiment 1, test substances were placed in a 96-well plate, separated from the cell suspension by a 3 µm pore membrane and incubated for 3 h to allow neutrophils to migrate through the membrane. In Experiment 2, neutrophils were exposed to the test products and the amount of MPO released was measured by optical density. Results showed that neutrophils were not activated by bismuth or keratin products (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in all of the tests performed. These results suggest that the mechanisms of action of bismuth subnitrate and keratin-based teat sealants do not rely on neutrophil recruitment and activation in the teat canal and sinus after treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/3/87teat sealantsbismuth subnitratekeratinneutrophilsteat canalimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Shirli Notcovich Norman B. Williamson Jimena Yapura Ynte Schukken Cord Heuer Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In Vitro Veterinary Sciences teat sealants bismuth subnitrate keratin neutrophils teat canal immune response |
| title | Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In Vitro |
| title_full | Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In Vitro |
| title_short | Cellular Response of Neutrophils to Bismuth Subnitrate and Micronized Keratin Products In Vitro |
| title_sort | cellular response of neutrophils to bismuth subnitrate and micronized keratin products in vitro |
| topic | teat sealants bismuth subnitrate keratin neutrophils teat canal immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/3/87 |
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