Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
Background: The natural history and transmission patterns of endemic human coronaviruses are of increased interest following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: In rural Kenya 483 individuals from 47 households were followed for six months (2009-10...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wellcome
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Wellcome Open Research |
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| Online Access: | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/6-27/v1 |
| _version_ | 1818138864527605760 |
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| author | Ivy K. Kombe Martin Mutunga Dickson Machira Nyaguthii Dorothy Koech Patrick K. Munywoki Grieven P. Otieno Graham F. Medley D. James Nokes |
| author_facet | Ivy K. Kombe Martin Mutunga Dickson Machira Nyaguthii Dorothy Koech Patrick K. Munywoki Grieven P. Otieno Graham F. Medley D. James Nokes |
| author_sort | Ivy K. Kombe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The natural history and transmission patterns of endemic human coronaviruses are of increased interest following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: In rural Kenya 483 individuals from 47 households were followed for six months (2009-10) with nasopharyngeal swabs collected twice weekly regardless of symptoms. A total of 16,918 swabs were tested for human coronavirus (hCoV) OC43, NL63 and 229E and other respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction. Results: From 346 (71.6%) household members, 629 hCoV infection episodes were defined, with 36.3% being symptomatic: varying by hCoV type and decreasing with age. Symptomatic episodes (aHR=0.6 (95% CI:0.5-0.8) or those with elevated peak viral load (medium aHR=0.4 (0.3-0.6); high aHR=0.31 (0.2-0.4)) had longer viral shedding compared to their respective counterparts. Homologous reinfections were observed in 99 (19.9%) of 497 first infections. School-age children (55%) were the most common index cases with those having medium (aOR=5.3 (2.3 – 12.0)) or high (8.1 (2.9 - 22.5)) peak viral load most often generating secondary cases. Conclusion: Household coronavirus infection was common, frequently asymptomatic and mostly introduced by school-age children. Secondary transmission was influenced by viral load of index cases. Homologous-type reinfection was common. These data may be insightful for SARS-CoV-2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:18:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb6f030c15674f43a9537fcbb816f069 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2398-502X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T10:18:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Wellcome |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Wellcome Open Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb6f030c15674f43a9537fcbb816f0692022-12-22T01:11:32ZengWellcomeWellcome Open Research2398-502X2021-02-01618181Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]Ivy K. Kombe0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-8227Martin Mutunga1Dickson Machira Nyaguthii2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-122XDorothy Koech3Patrick K. Munywoki4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-7155Grieven P. Otieno5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-1369Graham F. Medley6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-7278D. James Nokes7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-1984Epidemiology and Demography department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, KenyaEpidemiology and Demography department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, KenyaEpidemiology and Demography department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, KenyaEpidemiology and Demography department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, KenyaEpidemiology and Demography department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, KenyaEpidemiology and Demography department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, KenyaCentre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UKEpidemiology and Demography department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, KenyaBackground: The natural history and transmission patterns of endemic human coronaviruses are of increased interest following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: In rural Kenya 483 individuals from 47 households were followed for six months (2009-10) with nasopharyngeal swabs collected twice weekly regardless of symptoms. A total of 16,918 swabs were tested for human coronavirus (hCoV) OC43, NL63 and 229E and other respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction. Results: From 346 (71.6%) household members, 629 hCoV infection episodes were defined, with 36.3% being symptomatic: varying by hCoV type and decreasing with age. Symptomatic episodes (aHR=0.6 (95% CI:0.5-0.8) or those with elevated peak viral load (medium aHR=0.4 (0.3-0.6); high aHR=0.31 (0.2-0.4)) had longer viral shedding compared to their respective counterparts. Homologous reinfections were observed in 99 (19.9%) of 497 first infections. School-age children (55%) were the most common index cases with those having medium (aOR=5.3 (2.3 – 12.0)) or high (8.1 (2.9 - 22.5)) peak viral load most often generating secondary cases. Conclusion: Household coronavirus infection was common, frequently asymptomatic and mostly introduced by school-age children. Secondary transmission was influenced by viral load of index cases. Homologous-type reinfection was common. These data may be insightful for SARS-CoV-2.https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/6-27/v1Human coronavirus OC43 NL63 229E Transmission Householdseng |
| spellingShingle | Ivy K. Kombe Martin Mutunga Dickson Machira Nyaguthii Dorothy Koech Patrick K. Munywoki Grieven P. Otieno Graham F. Medley D. James Nokes Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] Wellcome Open Research Human coronavirus OC43 NL63 229E Transmission Households eng |
| title | Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full | Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_fullStr | Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_short | Infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal Kenya [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_sort | infection patterns of endemic human coronaviruses in rural households in coastal kenya version 1 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations |
| topic | Human coronavirus OC43 NL63 229E Transmission Households eng |
| url | https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/6-27/v1 |
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