Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry
In biology, the modern scientific fashion is to mostly study proteins. Much less attention is paid to lipids. However, lipids themselves are extremely important for the formation and functioning of cellular membrane organelles. Here, the role of the geometry of the lipid bilayer in regulation of org...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7594 |
| _version_ | 1797551021273120768 |
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| author | Alexander A. Mironov Anna Mironov Jure Derganc Galina V. Beznoussenko |
| author_facet | Alexander A. Mironov Anna Mironov Jure Derganc Galina V. Beznoussenko |
| author_sort | Alexander A. Mironov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In biology, the modern scientific fashion is to mostly study proteins. Much less attention is paid to lipids. However, lipids themselves are extremely important for the formation and functioning of cellular membrane organelles. Here, the role of the geometry of the lipid bilayer in regulation of organelle shape is analyzed. It is proposed that during rapid shape transition, the number of lipid heads and their size (i.e., due to the change in lipid head charge) inside lipid leaflets modulates the geometrical properties of organelles, in particular their membrane curvature. Insertion of proteins into a lipid bilayer and the shape of protein trans-membrane domains also affect the trans-membrane asymmetry between surface areas of luminal and cytosol leaflets of the membrane. In the cases where lipid molecules with a specific shape are not predominant, the shape of lipids (cylindrical, conical, or wedge-like) is less important for the regulation of membrane curvature, due to the flexibility of their acyl chains and their high ability to diffuse. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:37:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb777845b57541a7ad5b5e548173d6df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:37:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb777845b57541a7ad5b5e548173d6df2023-11-20T17:05:09ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012120759410.3390/ijms21207594Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle GeometryAlexander A. Mironov0Anna Mironov1Jure Derganc2Galina V. Beznoussenko3Department of Cell Biology, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, ItalyImaging Facility, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, ItalyInstitute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Cell Biology, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, ItalyIn biology, the modern scientific fashion is to mostly study proteins. Much less attention is paid to lipids. However, lipids themselves are extremely important for the formation and functioning of cellular membrane organelles. Here, the role of the geometry of the lipid bilayer in regulation of organelle shape is analyzed. It is proposed that during rapid shape transition, the number of lipid heads and their size (i.e., due to the change in lipid head charge) inside lipid leaflets modulates the geometrical properties of organelles, in particular their membrane curvature. Insertion of proteins into a lipid bilayer and the shape of protein trans-membrane domains also affect the trans-membrane asymmetry between surface areas of luminal and cytosol leaflets of the membrane. In the cases where lipid molecules with a specific shape are not predominant, the shape of lipids (cylindrical, conical, or wedge-like) is less important for the regulation of membrane curvature, due to the flexibility of their acyl chains and their high ability to diffuse.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7594buddingCOPcaveolaendosomefilopodiamembrane fission |
| spellingShingle | Alexander A. Mironov Anna Mironov Jure Derganc Galina V. Beznoussenko Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry International Journal of Molecular Sciences budding COP caveola endosome filopodia membrane fission |
| title | Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry |
| title_full | Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry |
| title_fullStr | Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry |
| title_short | Membrane Curvature, Trans-Membrane Area Asymmetry, Budding, Fission and Organelle Geometry |
| title_sort | membrane curvature trans membrane area asymmetry budding fission and organelle geometry |
| topic | budding COP caveola endosome filopodia membrane fission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7594 |
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